Biology

Plant Biology and Classification

1,796 Questions

Plant Biology and Classification deals with the taxonomy, evolution, and morphological features of the plant kingdom. This collection offers practice questions on plant groups, taxonomic hierarchies, and specific plant characteristics. The questions are tailored for students preparing for biology competitive exams.

Plant taxonomyPteridophytesAngiospermsPlant morphologyAlgae and bryophytesClassification systems

Plant Biology and Classification Questions

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Sporangiophores of Equisetum are ____________.

  1. Peltate

  2. Whorled

  3. Stalked

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In Equisetum, the sporangiophores are stalked structures bearing sporangia underneath, forming a peltate (umbrella-like) disc shape arranged in whorls on the strobilus. Since all these structural characteristics are true, the correct choice is that all the above apply.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given.
Pteridophytcs differ from bryophytes in having:

  1. motile male gametes

  2. alternation of generations

  3. antheridia

  4. vascular tissue
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bryophytes are known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom and they do not have any true roots stem or leaves.

The pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants that possess vascular tissues that is the xylem and phloem. 
So, the correct option is 'vascular tissue'

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Gametophytic plant body is nonvascular in

  1. Algae and liverworts

  2. Mosses and ferns

  3. Gymnosperms and angiosperms

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Algae are chlorophyll bearing, simple, thyroid autotrophic and large aquatic organism. They have a non-vascular body.

Liverworts, being bryophytes, usually grow in moist and shady habitats. The plant body of liverworts is thalloid and nonvascular The main plant body is gametophyte. Ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms are vascular plants
Hence, the correct answer is 'Algae and liverworts'

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

The heterosporous pteridophytes are ______________.

  1. Lycopodium and Pteris

  2. Selaginella and Psilotum

  3. Selaginella and Salvinia

  4. Dryopteris and Adiantum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Heterospory is the production of spores of two different sizes and of two different developmental patterns -smaller male or microspores and larger female or megaspores. Heterospory is the most important evolutionary development in vascular plants because it has ultimately led to seed development, e.g., Selaginella, Salvinia, Azolla, etc.

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

What is common to the following plants: Nepenthes, Psilotum, Rauwolfia, and Aconitum?

  1. All are ornamental plants.

  2. All are phylogenic link species.

  3. All are prone to over exploitation.

  4. All are exclusively present in the Eastern Himalayas.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nepenthes is also known as the pitcher plant. It is an insectivorous plant. Psilotum is a pteridophyte and it is used for medicinal purpose. Aconitum is a medicinal plant. Rauwolfia is also a medicinal plant. 


We can see that all the plants have distinctive properties and used due to which these plants are very prone to exploitation. Thus, the one character that is common in all plants is, all these plants are prone to over-exploitation. 
So, the correct answer is 'All are prone to overexploitation'.


So, the correct answer is 'All are prone to overexploitation'.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Which of the following is called as club moss?

  1. Pteris

  2. Lycopodium

  3. Equisetum

  4. Marsilea
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Lycopodium is a genus of clubmosses, also known as ground pines or creeping cedar
They are flowerless, vascular, terrestrial or epiphytic plants, with widely branched, erect, prostrate or creeping stems, with small, simple, needle-like or scale-like leaves that cover the stem and branches thickly. The leaves contain a single, unbranched vascular strand and are microphylls by definition.
Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Pteridophytes differ from thallophytes and bryophytes in having

  1. Highly differentiated plant body

  2. True roots, stem and leaves

  3. Well defined vascular system

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The body of pteridophytes is differentiated into true stem, leaves and roots like higher plants. They possess well-developed vascular tissues like xylem and phloem for conduction of water and other substances from one part of plant body to another. While the body of thallophytes and bryophytes are not differentiated and lacks vascular system.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Most advanced gymnosperm belongs to

  1. Cycadales

  2. Coniferales

  3. Gnetales

  4. Cycadofillicales
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Gnetophyta are a small group of vascular seed plants belonging to the phylum Gnetophyta.
The Gnetophyta include only three genera, Ephedra, Gnetum, and Welwitschia, each of which belongs to a separate family, in a single order, called as the Gnetales. 

The gnetophytes have a number of features in common with the flowering plants (phylum Anthophyta, the angiosperms), which shows that Gnetales are more advanced in gymnosperms.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

In which of the following groups would you place a plant, which produces spores, has vascular tissues and lacks flowers and seeds?

  1. Bryophytes

  2. Pteridophytes

  3. Gymnosperms

  4. Algae
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes:
1. Members of this group are most primitive living vascular plants.
2. The main plant body is a sporophyte. It is differentiated into root, stem and leaves.
3. Plants (sporophyte) reproduce by spores formed in sporangia. Sporangia develop either on the ventral surface or in the axil of leaves.
4. Plants may be homosporous or heterosporous. The development of sporangium may be of eusporangiate (when developing from a group of initials) or leptosporangiate. (When developing from a single initial) type.
5. Spores develop into a multi-cellular gametophytic body called prothallus- a thalloid structure. It is independent and chlorophyllous. It bears male reproductive organs called antheridia and female reproductive organs called archegonia. Reproductive organs are multicellular and jacketed.
6. Water is essential to effect fertilization as male reproductive units are flagellated and motile.
7. Seed formation never takes place in living pteridophytes.
8. An embryo develops in situ after fertilization and the sporophyte remains attached to the gametophyte till the development of root.
9. Plants show clear alternation of generations. The sporophyte and gametophyte are independent of each other.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Pteridophytes are also called as

  1. Phanerogams

  2. Crytogams

  3. Vascular cryptogams

  4. Embryophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes or Pteridophyta are vascular plants meaning that they contain vascular systems for the transport of water and food material.These vascular systems are xylem and phloem. They reproduce bt spores. They are flowerless and seedless plants and hence they are also called as vascular cryptogams. 

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

Ferns fall under the category of

  1. Thallophytes

  2. Bryophytes

  3. Pteridophytes

  4. Mesophytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pteridophytes are vascular plants which have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. For example, ferns, horsetails and clubmosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six meters in length. Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species. Their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species). 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice botany kingdom plantae introduction to pteridophytes cryptogams pteridophyta pteridophytes

A vascular cryptogam is

  1. Equisetum

  2. Cedrus

  3. Marchantia

  4. Ginkgo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Equisetum is a genus of Pteridophyta division. They are called as cryptogam. Vascular cryptogamic plants are those plants which have vascular system and do not have seeds. Equisetum is a vascular plant bearing hidden seeds.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.