Photosynthesis in Plants

Statement 'c' is a wrong statement. Thus, it is the correct option. In the chloroplasts, carbon dioxide and water combine in the presence of sunlight to form glucose.

Maximum number of chloroplast in the leaf is found in palisade tissue.

Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis and not a reactant, so photosynthesis can take place in the absence of oxygen. So, option 1 is correct.

The phloem transports products of photosynthesis from the leaves where they are synthesised to other parts of the plant. 

Chloroplast contains green coloured pigment called chlorophyll that helps in the process of photosynthesis.

 Leucoplast is a special type of plastid present in the plants for storage of starch, oil and proteins.

Chlorophyll is the primary photosynthetic pigment in plants, giving leaves their characteristic green color. It absorbs red and blue wavelengths of light for photosynthesis while reflecting green light, which is what our eyes perceive.

It is the last electron acceptor and reduces the enzyme NADP+ reductase.

In plants such as wheat, rice, gram and mustard the plants die after seed production. This is also observed in monocarpic plants which live for several years but flower only once in their life time as in sago palm and bamboos.

Leucoplasts are primarily organelles in which materials such as starch, oils and protein granules are stored. Lysosomes help in removing dead and worn out cellular organelles (cell debris) by digesting them.

Chlorophyll carries out 3 types of reactions during photosynthesis: 1) Photoionization (chlorophyll absorbs light and loses an electron), 2) Electron transport (passing excited electrons through the electron transport chain), and 3) Photophosphorylation (ATP synthesis using the proton gradient created). These are the light-dependent reactions.

The light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur in the stroma of the chloroplast. The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids. Thylakoids are where the light-dependent reactions occur. Leaves contain chloroplasts but are not the specific site of the Calvin Cycle.

Photolysis (the light-induced splitting of water molecules) occurs during the second phase of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis. During the first phase, chlorophyll absorbs light and gets excited. In the second phase, the excited electrons are replaced by splitting water (photolysis), releasing oxygen and providing electrons to continue the process.

Photolysis is the light-driven decomposition of water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, a key process in photosynthesis where light energy breaks the chemical bonds in water.

Amoeba obtains food through phagocytosis, where it extends pseudopodia (false feet) to surround and engulf food particles. Photosynthesis is for plants, photolysis refers to breaking chemical bonds with light.