Optics and Light Properties

A rainbow is formed when sunlight is dispersed into its constituent colors by water droplets acting like tiny prisms.

Rayleigh scattering states that the intensity of scattered light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. While the exact ratio depends on conditions, 10 times is a common approximation used in textbooks for the relative scattering of blue versus red light.

Dispersion is the phenomenon where white light separates into its component colors (the spectrum) when passing through a medium like a prism.

In a transparent medium, the speed of light is inversely proportional to the refractive index. Red light has the longest wavelength and experiences the least refraction, meaning it travels the fastest.

Optical fibres transmit data using light pulses that are confined within the core by total internal reflection, which occurs when light hits the boundary between the core and cladding at a specific angle.

Fog consists of tiny water droplets that scatter light. Because the size of these droplets is comparable to the wavelength of visible light, they scatter all colors, making it difficult to see through.

The SI unit for illuminance is the lux, which is defined as one lumen per square meter.

The distance travelled by light in one year at a spee of light.

Light always travels in a straight line. Even if the path of light is obstructed by an object then it gets reflected and again traces a linear path only.

Light rays always travel in straight lines. When a light ray hits any surface, such a ray is said to be incident ray. After hitting the surface, this ray bounces back by making an angle with the incident ray. This is said to be reflections.

For the shadow to be visible, we always require two things. 1. An opaque object 2. Source of light. But ball and table in a dark room, building at night will not cast shadow as there is no source of light. Tree is     an opaque object and on sunny day, sunlight is also there. So we can see a shadow in this case.

Also mirror produces image by the reflection of light. So it is the glass which is transparent and is matched incorrectly to opaque objects.

Light rays always travel in a straight line. Those rays can pass through the transparent objects like glass, lens etc. get reflected when strike the mirror surface and can not pass through the opaque objects.

To show clear image surface of the objects should be smoothCoarse and shining. A rough or coarse surface can never give a clear image as the reflection of light will be irregular from such surfaces. Such kind of surfaces are created deliberately in circus or the fun glass house etc.

In fiber optic, when light reaches the central glass core. It hits a layer of glass cladding, resulting in an internal reflections at the boundary.