Newtonian Mechanics and Forces

Yes, it is correct as no new shell is added and electrons are added in same shell which increases ionization energy . An increase in ionization energy means decrease in size.

A physical balance works on the principle of moments (torque equilibrium). When the balance is level, the clockwise moment equals the anticlockwise moment. The product of mass and distance from the fulcrum must be equal on both sides for equilibrium to be achieved, which is the fundamental principle behind weighing scales.

The attitude indicator (artificial horizon) operates on gyroscopic principles. A gyro rotor spins at high speed, maintaining its orientation in space due to angular momentum (rigidity in space). The instrument displays the aircraft's attitude relative to this gyro-stabilized reference. It does not use pressure, gravity, or radio waves - those are used by altimeter, turn coordinator, and VOR respectively.

In a slip, the aircraft is banked too steeply for the rate of turn, causing centrifugal force to be insufficient to balance gravity. The ball in the turn coordinator shows this协调状态 by rolling inside the turn (toward the low wing). In a skid (opposite condition), the ball rolls outside the turn. A centered ball indicates a coordinated turn. The ball direction indicates which way the pilot needs to correct.

In a skidding turn, the aircraft has insufficient bank angle for the rate of turn, causing the nose to yaw toward the outside of the turn. This imbalance causes centrifugal force to exceed the horizontal lift component, and the ball rolls to the outside of the turn. Skidding turns are dangerous because they can lead to spins if a stall occurs.

Pressure is defined as force per unit area (P = F/A). Surface tension is the force per unit length at a liquid's surface. Buoyant force is the upward force on a submerged object. Thrust is the total force acting perpendicular to a surface, not normalized by area.

When milk is churned, centrifugal force causes the denser components (including fat globules in cream) to separate based on density differences. Gravitational force acts uniformly and doesn't cause separation. Frictional force opposes motion, and electromagnetic effect is irrelevant to this mechanical separation process.

The sensation of weightlessness occurs because the spacecraft and everything inside are in free fall - both are accelerating toward Earth at the same rate (equal to g). This creates a state of continuous free fall, where apparent weight becomes zero. There's still gravity in orbit; it's what keeps the spacecraft orbiting.

Newton's first law (law of inertia) states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. This fundamental principle introduces the concept of inertia - an object's resistance to changes in its state of motion.

This is the correct option. The force of friction acts in a direction, which is opposite to the direction of the moving object.

This is the correct option, as this is a false statement. Friction acts on both the surfaces in contact with each other.

This is a false statement. Thus, this is the correct option. Drag force acts in a direction opposite to the direction of the motion of the object.

This is the correct option. Static friction is the maximum force present between any two objects when one object just tends to move or slip over the surface of the other object. Sliding friction is the frictional force present when one object moves slowly over the surface of another object. Rolling friction is the force resisting the motion when a body rolls on a surface.

This is the correct option. The magnitude of frictional force exerted by a fluid on an object moving through it depends upon the speed of the object, shape of the object and the nature or viscosity of the fluid.