Natural Vegetation and Habitats

Tropical rainforests have four layers: Emergent Layer, Canopy Layer, Understory Layer and Forest Floor each with different plants and animals adapted for life in that particular area. 

Tropical rainforests or Natural forest have four layers:

Emergent Layer: These giant trees thrust above the dense canopy layer and have huge mushroom-shaped crowns.

Canopy Layer: The broad, irregular crowns of these trees form a tight, continuous canopy 60 to 90 feet above the ground.

Understory: Receiving only 2-15% of the sunlight that falls on the canopy, the understory is a dark place. It is relatively open and contains young trees and leafy herbaceous plants that tolerate low light. Many popular house plants come from this layer.

 Forest Floor: The forest floor receives less than 2% of the sunlight and consequently, little grows here except plants adapted to very low light. 

Amazon River is the largest river of the world. The basin made by this river is known as Amazon basin. It is the largest lowland in Latin America. It has a total area of 7 million square kilometers. Amazon basin is famous for dense forest cover. More than two-third of this basin is covered by immense forests. About half of the Earth's rain forests is found in Amazon basin.

The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator. They are delimited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at 23.5°) N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at 23.5°). The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone. 

In equatorial region the temperature is high throughout the year, the annual average temperature is about 27 degree calcious. Rainfall is heavy and distributed throughout the year. The annual average rainfall is about 250cm. The constantly high temperature and all the year round rainfall helps to produce the most luxuriant evergreen vegetation in the region. So the forests of equatorial region are also known as evergreen. 

In forestry and ecology, understory comprises plant life growing beneath the forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but above the forest floor. Only a small percentage of light penetrates the canopy so understory vegetation is generally shade tolerant.

What makes up most of the Canopy Layer is a tangled mix of vegetation including branches, vines and trees of different sizes. The trees rise to as much height as possible to gain maximum sunlight. 

Tropical rainforests have four layers: Emergent Layer, Canopy Layer, Understory, Forest Floor. 

The ocean is considered the most stable ecosystem because it has a high heat capacity, vast volume, and relatively constant chemical and physical conditions compared to terrestrial ecosystems like forests or deserts.

During summer the land becomes dry and rainfall induces formation of grass and hence heavy rainfall during summer produces grasslands.

Deodar cedar is a conifer, evergreen, broadly pyramidal with gracefully pendulous branches, drooping central leader, spreading and flat-topped with age. Long branches bearing spur-like stems with whorled needles. Leaves are light blue or grayish green and softer. Deodar is not a dicot, fern or mosses. 

Conifers are typically found in cool, temperate regions, and in India, they are characteristic of the Himalayan mountain range.

Acacia trees are typically found in savanna or arid regions, not in the dense, high-rainfall equatorial rainforests where species like mahogany and green heart thrive.

Temperate regions have the climate suitable for large-scale dairy farming and the growth of coniferous forests, which provide softwood.

The Tundra biome is characterized by migratory birds like geese, jaegers, and shorebirds that arrive during the short summer season to breed.