Natural Hazards and Disasters

Following are the main aspects of disaster management:
Preparation: A plan is created to minimize the damage if a disaster occurs.
Redemption: It is the plan to minimize the damage to the society and country.
Preparedness: A plan is chalked out to get quick response from public and administration.
Impact of disaster: Intensity of disaster and disaster management are reviewed.
Response: This stage deals with providing immediate response after an incident has occurred.
Resurgence: It is an important link between emergency measures and national progress. It includes the steps which are required for the welfare and rehabilitation of the nation. 
Restoration: It is an important link between measures after disaster and national development. It includes steps useful for progress of
nation and rehabilitation.

Prolonged reduction of ground-water supplies can have a devastating effect on a farmer’s crop yields. If a drought occurs soon after seeding, plants may fail to germinate; and during the later stages of development, a drought can cause entire crops to wither.

Storms, cyclones, earthquakes and lightning are termed as natural calamities. These causes lot of damages to the properties and enviroments. Hence, they are destructive in nature.

Due to movement of Earth's plates, most of the earthquakes occur.

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, often caused by crop failure due to factors like insufficient water for agriculture. While drought is the lack of water, famine is the resulting disaster involving food shortage.

Geological and climate evidence suggests that tectonic shifts causing earthquakes and subsequent flooding of the Indus River were major factors in the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Petrol and gas dispensing bunks, popularly called petrol pumps, are fire traps waiting for disaster potentially killing and maiming of persons and loss of property worth crores of rupees.

Fire breakouts in Industries leads to massive explosion leaving death and injurie of numerous peoples. Safety perceptive measures should always be taken to ensure people’s safety.

Fire accidents can occur due to various reasons, including electrical short-circuits, industrial mishaps in chemical factories, and natural causes like forest fires. All these are recognized forms of fire accidents.

Global warming refers to an increase in the overall temperature of the atmosphere due to accumulation of greenhouse gases that trap long wave radiations. Due to this, the water cycle is affected because the cloud formation is erroneous. This causes disturbed pattern of rainfall. Other effects of global warming are shown in the following diagram:

Western Disturbances are weather phenomena that affect the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal, originating from the Mediterranean region.

Frequent floods in plains of Northern India is due to deforestation in catchment areas. Deforestation in the catchment area has led to an increase in the silt content of the river flow. Bihar is India's most flood-prone State, with 76% of the population in the north Bihar living under the recurring threat of flood devastation.

Drought is the condition of shortage of water which affects all life forms. Flood is the condition of the overflow of water on land that can submerged plants, human-made articles and thinning of the ozone layer increases the global warming and climate change which affects the flora and fauna. All these conditions can harm the organisms and their habitat and thus, can threat to the biodiversity.

Floods are common in north India because of excessive deforestation in the catchment areas. Roots of the trees keep the soil together and drain the extra water into the underground water reservoir. Due to deforestation (cutting down of the trees), the soil is no longer able to hold or drain the excess water thus leading to floods. 

The cyclone is the circulating mass of air that rotates around the center of low atmospheric pressure. It is caused due to uneven heating of the land. The uneven heating of land causes the difference in the air pressure and causes the strong flow of wind from high pressure to low pressure.

Rain is a natural weather event that is part of the normal water cycle and does not cause permanent damage to an ecosystem, unlike climate change or natural disasters.