National Income and Poverty Measurement

Gini Index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The Gini Index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus, a Gini Index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

The largest of the common factors

The Atlas method is a method used by the World Bank to estimate the size of economies in terms of gross national income (GNI) in U.S. dollars. A country's GNI in local (national) currency is converted into U.S. dollars using the Atlas conversion factor, which uses a three-year average of exchange rates to smooth effects of transitory exchange rate fluctuations, adjusted for the difference between the rate of inflation in the country (using the country's GDP deflator), and that in a number of developed countries (using a weighted average of the countries' GDP deflators in SDR terms). The resulting GNI in U.S. dollars is divided by the country's midyear population to obtain the GNI per capita.

Acyclical indicators are those with little or no correlation to the business cycle: they may rise or fall when the general economy is doing well, and may rise or fall when it is not doing well.

GDP is the final value of all goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a country in a fiscal (and not a calendar) year. GDP includes the value of goods and services produced by foreign nationals on the domestic territory of a country. Gross national product includes the final value of goods and services produced by the nationals of a nation, even those working abroad.

The amount received as national income is identical to the amount spent as national expenditure, which is also identical to what is produced as national output. Throughout macroeconomics, the terms income, output and expenditure are interchangeable.

The implicit GDP deflator is calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP. Real GDP uses base year prices to value current year output, making the deflator a base-year weighted index. Unlike CPI which uses a fixed basket of goods (Laspeyres index), the GDP deflator uses current output quantities valued at base year prices, allowing the basket to change over time.

In early stages of development, primary sector or agriculture forms the largest share of its GDP and tertiary sector the least. In the second stage of development, share of secondary sector or industries in the GDP increases, while that of agriculture marginally declines. In the final stage, share of both the tertiary sector or services and the secondary sector increase, while that of agriculture declines sharply.

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was developed in 2010 by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and the United Nations Development Programme, and uses different factors to determine poverty beyond income-based lists. It replaced the previous Human Poverty Index. The index uses the same three dimensions as the Human Development Index: Health, education and standard of living. These are measured using ten indicators. Dimension                                                         Indicators Health                                                               Child Mortality             Nutrition Education                                                          Years of school             Children enrolled Living Standards                                                Cooking fuel             Toilet             Water             Electricity             Floor             Assets

Each dimension and each indicator within a dimension are equally weighted.

Yes, it is the right answer.

This is the correct answer as all the statements are correct. Productive population contributes to the national income. Children and aged are included in dependent population. Productive population supports the dependent population.

Per Capita Real Income is nothing but NNP at factor cost. It means national income is sum total of all factor incomes adjusted for increase in prices.