Modern Indian History

In 1981, Amartya Sen published Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation (1981), a book in which he argued that famine occurs not only from a lack of food, but from inequalities built into mechanisms for distributing food. Sen also argued that the Bengal famine was caused by an urban economic boom that raised food prices, thereby causing millions of rural workers to starve to death when their wages did not keep up.

The introduction of rationing in India dates back to the 1940s Bengal famine. This rationing system was revived in the wake of acute food shortage during the early 1960s, before the Green revolution.

Cricket has its origins in England which have colonized India for almost 200 years. During these years British influenced Indians in many ways and one of them is cricket. Cricket was brought to India by the British rulers. In the beginning, the game was played amongst the British nationals. Later it struck deep roots in the Indian soil as a result of the patronage extended to it by the ruling class and the princely households. Cricket also gave rise to nationalistic feelings as Indians were not allowed to play autonomously and were a part of the team of the Great Britain.

India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932, a decade and a half before it became an independent nation. This was possible because Test cricket from its origins in 1877 was organised as a contest between different parts of the British empire, not sovereign nations. 

The Club was founded as the Calcutta Cricket Club Clippers by British immigrants who had come over with the British East India Company. It is known to have been in existence by 1792.

India played its first official Test match in 1932 against England at Lord's, marking its entry into the international Test arena.

 The first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Zoroastrians, the Parsis. The white cricket elite in India offered no help to the enthusiastic Parsis. In fact, there was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana, a whites-only club, and Parsi cricketers over the use of a public park. The Parsis complained that the park was left unfit for cricket because the polo ponies of the Bombay Gymkhana dug up the surface. When it became clear that the colonial authorities were prejudiced in favour of their white compatriots, the Parsis built their own gymkhana to play cricket in.

India played its inaugural Test match against England in 1932, marking its official entry into international Test cricket.

In colonial India, especially in tournaments like the Bombay Pentangular, cricket was organized along the lines of race and religious communities (e.g., Hindus, Muslims, Parsis, Europeans).

The origins of Indian cricket, that is, cricket played by Indians are to be found in Bombay and the first Indian community to start playing the game was the small community of Parsis. Brought into close contact with the British because of their interest in trade and the
first Indian community to westernise, the Parsis founded the
first Indian cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848.

Mahatma Gandhi believed that a sport was essential for a balance between the body and the mind. However, he often emphasised that games like cricket and hockey were imported into India by the British and were replacing traditional games. They showed a colonial mindset and were a less effective education than the simple exercise of those who worked on the land.

Mahatma Gandhi expressed this sentiment regarding the simplicity of life and the rejection of modern, fashionable distractions. It reflects his philosophy of self-reliance and critique of industrial-age consumerism.

• Sardar Vallabhai Patel is called "The Iron  Man of India"
  
  • Due to integration of Princely states to Indian Union after Mountbatten plan announcement on June 3, 1947.
  • Patel started operation princes on July 25, 1947
    
  • All the princely states signed instrument of accession by August 15, 1947 except Hyderabad, Junagarh and Kashmir.
    
    

Banaras Hindu University is a public central university located in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. It was founded in 1916 by Madan Mohan Malaviya. He chose Banaras as the site, because of the centuries old tradition of learning, wisdom and spirituality inherent to the place.

 The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. The founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement were from Socialist Yugoslavia, India, Indonesia, Egypt and Ghana. From India, Jawaharlal Nehru was a major propounder of the group. It was established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.