Modern Indian History

The Phoenix Settlement was founded by Gandhiji near Durban in 1904 as a communal living experiment inspired by Ruskin's 'Unto This Last'. It housed his family and like-minded individuals working towards self-sufficiency, simple living, and service. The settlement featured a printing press for Indian Opinion and became a model for his later ashram at Sabarmati.

January 30, 1948 was a Friday, the fateful day when Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse at Birla House, New Delhi. Gandhi was on his way to the evening prayer meeting when he was shot at point-blank range shortly after 5 p.m., sending shockwaves across the nation and world.

Gandhi regularly employed fasting as a non-violent protest method against policies and actions he opposed. This was one of his signature satyagraha techniques, used to pressure authorities and mobilize public opinion without violence.

M.N. Roy founded 'Vanguard' as a communist journal. Kisan Sabha was a peasant movement, The Worker was associated with different leftist groups, and Coastal Line is not related to Roy's communist publications.

Gandhiji's father, Karamchand Gandhi, served as the Diwan (chief minister/prime minister) of Porbandar state and later of Rajkot. The position of Diwan was the highest administrative office in a princely state, responsible for governance and revenue. He was not a teacher, inspector, or businessman by profession.

Lord Mountbatten arrived as Viceroy on March 22, 1947, and Gandhiji first met him on March 31, 1947, to discuss the partition plan. Gandhi was initially skeptical of Mountbatten's partition proposals. June 2, 1947 was when the partition plan was officially announced, and August 1947 relates to independence.

Gandhiji wrote his autobiography 'The Story of My Experiments with Truth' (also known as 'My Experiments with Truth'), documenting his philosophical journey and experiments with satyagraha. 'Discovery of India' was written by Jawaharlal Nehru. 'Indian Independence' and 'My Country My Life' are not Gandhi's works.

Nathuram Godse assassinated Mahatma Gandhi on January 30, 1948, during a prayer meeting at Birla House in New Delhi. Godse was a Hindu nationalist who opposed Gandhi's philosophy of non-violence and his stance towards Pakistan. John Wilkes Booth assassinated Abraham Lincoln - the names are intentionally confusing as distractors.

Ahimsa is a Sanskrit word meaning 'non-violence' or 'non-harming' - the core principle of Gandhiji's philosophy and political strategy. Gandhi believed that moral change must be achieved through peaceful means. It is not synonymous with honesty, secularism, or spiritualism, though Gandhi valued these concepts separately.

Rambhadai was the domestic helper in Gandhi's household during his early years in South Africa and later in India. She was a trusted member of the household staff who helped manage daily affairs. The other names listed are not documented as Gandhi's domestic help.

Rambha Dai (also spelled Rambha) was the family servant who instilled in young Gandhi the practice of chanting 'Ram Nam' (the name of Rama). This early spiritual influence stayed with Gandhi throughout his life. Mahadev Desai was his secretary later, Raliat was his sister, and Motilal Nehru was unrelated.

Gandhi authored both "Hind Swaraj" (1909) and "My Experiments with Truth" (autobiography, serialized 1925-1928). The question asks which work is Gandhi's - the correct answer is that both are his writings. "Light of India" is not a known Gandhi work.

Gandhi's childhood nickname was "Manu" or "Moniya" (meaning 'little pearl' or 'jewel'). He was also affectionately called by variations of these names by family members. The other options (Raja, Ramu, Sahil) are not documented as his childhood nicknames.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first Prime Minister, delivered the famous words "The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere" in a radio address on Gandhi's assassination (January 30, 1948). Sarojini Naidu also spoke eloquently about Gandhi, but this specific quote is Nehru's.