Minerals and Nutrients

The majority of phosphorus found in the body is bound up with calcium in the bones as calcium phosphate, accounting for around 80% of the bodily total. The main component of bones and teeth is Calcium phosphate.

Iodine is present in thyroxine hormone.

 Chlorine helps in the photolysis of water. Photolysis is part of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Tyrosinase is a rate limiting enzyme which controls melanin production. Tyrosinase is involved in the hydroxylation of monophenol and also the conversion of o-diphenol to corresponding o-quinone. The enzyme tyrosinase consists of copper and is found in animal and plant tissues. The active site of all tyrosinases contains one binuclear copper centre. Tyrosinase catalyzes melanin production and in humans it is encoded by TYR gene.

Calcium is essential for the clotting of blood.

Sodium ions are present in maximum concentration in blood plasma. The normal concentration range is 135 - 145 mmol/l.

Dietary supplement of Ca and vitamin D because parathormone maintains Ca and P within narrow range. Vitamin D increases the resorption of P

Elements which are needed by the plants in very small quantities are called micronutrients.

Calcium is a major component of our bones and teeth. Iron is present as haemoglobin in blood and iodine is required for the regular body metabolism. Mercury is poisonous for our health and can lead to death even if taken in small amount. 

Chlorophyll, the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants, contains a magnesium ion (Mg²+) at the center of its porphyrin ring structure. This central Mg is crucial for chlorophyll's ability to absorb light energy.

 Chlorine is a micronutrient required by a plant. The rest are macronutrients.

Sufficient amount of iodine is required by our body for maintaining a balanced mental status.

Plants require sixteen essential elements for growth, but nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are needed in the largest quantities - these are the primary macronutrients. Among all nutrients, nitrogen is typically required in the greatest amount as it's a crucial component of amino acids, proteins, chlorophyll, and nucleic acids. Calcium, ammonia (which provides nitrogen), and phosphorus are also important but not needed in quantities as large as nitrogen.

In the human body, the major elements by mass are oxygen (~65%), carbon (~18.5%), hydrogen (~9.5%), and nitrogen (~3.2%). Iron, while essential for hemoglobin and oxygen transport, is a trace element present in only about 0.006% of body mass. Among the given options (oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, iron), iron is present in the smallest quantity.