Microbes and Plant Diseases

Mycorrhizae represent a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi where both partners benefit mutually, making it a classic example of mutualism.

• Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a plant.
•  The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, its root system.
•  Mycorrhizae play a role in plant nutrition, soil biology and soil chemistry.
• Hence, Mycorrhiza is the association between fungus and root system of some plants
• So, the correct answer is 'Mycorrhiza'.

Ectomycorrhizas are further differentiated from other mycorrhizas by the formation of a dense hyphal sheath, known as the mantle, surrounding the root surface. The sheathing mantle can be up to 40 Hm thick, with hyphae extending soil. These associations are formed predominantly on the fine root tips of the host distributed unevenly throughout the root surface.

Symbiosis describes close interactions between two or more different species in which both species benefit. A mycorrhiza is defined as a symbiotic relationship between the roots of vascular plants and fungi.

Mycorrhizas are symbiotic associations essential for one or both partners, between a fungus (specialised for life in soils and plants) and a root (or other substrate-contacting organ) of a living plant, that is primarily responsible for nutrient transfer. Mycorrhizas occur in a specialised plant organ where intimate contact results from synchronised plant-fungus development. Mycorrhizal fungi are a major component of the soil microflora in many ecosystems, but usually have limited saprophytic abilities. They are considered to have many important roles in natural and managed ecosystems.

Mycorrhizae is the symbiotic association between the plant roots and fungi. The fungi colonize the living root tissue during active plant growth. The relationship between plants and fungi is symbiotic because the plant obtains phosphate and other minerals through the fungus, while the fungus obtains sugars from the plant root. 

In mutualism or symbiosis both the organisms in the association are mutually benefitted and further this association is obligatory, i.e., necessary for the existence of both organisms. Mycorrhiza is an example of symbiosis. It is an association between roots of higher plants and fungal hyphae. The fungal hyphae supply water and nutrients to the plant and in turn get food from the plant. So, both the organisms are mutually benefitted.

Mycorrhiza is the association of fungi and the roots of plants. It is a symbiotic association where fungus helps in increasing the surface area of absorption. The mycorrhiza fungi help in the mineral uptake for the plant. The plant provides shelter and protection to the fungus. The fungus also obtains sugars from the plant.

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between fungi and roots of higher plants. Mycorrhizae present in the soil help in the uptake of minerals from soil. These organisms also help in the binding of roots to the soil. Since it is active transport in the roots, the mycorrhizae help in this active transport of minerals.

Symbiosis describes close interactions between two or more different species. In symbiotic relationship, the two species benefits. A mycorrhiza is defined as a symbiotic relationship between the roots of plants and fungi. The fungal symbiont gets shelter and food from the plant which, in turn, acquires an array of benefits such as better uptake of phosphorus, salinity and drought tolerance, maintenance of water balance, and overall increase in plant growth and development.

VAM (Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza) is defined by the presence of symbiotic fungi that form arbuscules and vesicles within plant roots.

The fungi involved in VAM (endomycorrhiza) belong to the order Glomerales, which were formerly classified under Zygomycetes.

Ectomycorrhiza is a well-known symbiotic association where the fungus forms a mantle around the root, common in many forest trees.

Mycorrhiza involves a symbiotic association between fungi and plant roots. In most cases, the fungal hyphae penetrate the root cortex but do not enter the vascular cylinder or the root apex.

The cortex is only one cell thick and these cells are packed with fungal hyphae. The nutrient exchange between the fungus and plant takes place at this interface and is extremely efficient