Microbes and Plant Diseases

Due to excessive fall out, shredded leaf or tattered leaf effect is created by prunus necrotic ringspot virus, which is an ilarvirus.

 The fungus Puccinia graminis causes a very serious plant disease that affects wheat crop.

Bunchy top affects banana, Tundu disease affects wheat, and Red Rot affects sugarcane - all correctly matched. However, Witches' Broom disease primarily affects plants like cassava, cocoa, and legumes, not rice. Rice is affected by diseases like blast, bacterial blight, and sheath blight.

Neurospora (red bread mold) was instrumental in establishing the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis through Beadle and Tatum's Nobel Prize-winning experiments. It became a model organism for genetic research due to its rapid life cycle and haploid nature, making genetic analysis straightforward. Penicillium is an antibiotic-producing fungus, and 'Cleviceps' appears to be a misspelling of Claviceps (ergot fungus), neither of which are foundational to genetics research.

Phytophthora infestans is an oomycete (water mold) pathogen that causes late blight of potato. This disease was responsible for the Irish Potato Famine in the 1840s. The other options are: Alternaria solani (causes early blight), Helminthosporium oryzae (rice brown spot pathogen), and Puccinia graminis (stem rust of cereals).

Zygomycotina divisions of kingdom fungi was given by Ainsworth.

 Sparassis is a genus of parasitic and saprobic mushrooms characterised by its unique shape and appearance. This appearance can be described as similar to a sea sponge, a brain, or the head of  a cauliflower, from which it has been given its popular name.

Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenised fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota.The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence.

Completoria is itself monotypic, containing a single species, Completoria complens. The species is rare, known only from greenhouse cultures where it grows as an obligate intracellular parasite of fern gametophytes.

The Beefsteak fungus is large, dark-red and slimy on top, and pale-yellow underneath. Its flesh resembles a raw steak (hence, the common name) and when the fungus is young, it oozes red droplets that look like blood. It is edible.

Agrobacerium rhizogenes in apple causes hairy root disease.

This is correct.

Seed rot-seedling blight is caused by Bacillus subtilis while anthracnose leaf blight is caused by Colletotrichum graminicola in maize.

In coffee, warty berry disease is caused by Botrytis cinerea.

Yellow rust disease of Triticum is caused by Cochliobolus sativus. Wheat’s false eyespot disease is caused by Hymenula cerealis.