Chemistry of Metals and Alloys

Steel, bronze, and brass are all metal alloys. Magnalium is also an alloy (of aluminum and magnesium).

In metallurgy, a non-ferrous metal is a metal that is not ferrous, that is, any metal, including alloys, that does not contain iron in appreciable amounts. Generally, more expensive than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium), higher conductivity (e.g. copper), non-magnetic property or resistance to corrosion (e.g., zinc). Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces, while others such as wolframite, pyrolusite, thus making ferrous metals not like in ferrous metals.

A metalloid is a chemical element with properties that are in-between or a mixture of those of metals and non-metals, and which is considered to be difficult to classify unambiguously as either a metal or a non-metal. There is no universally agreed or rigorous definition of a metalloid. Classifying any particular element as such has been described as 'arbitrary'. The term was first popularly used to refer to non-metals. Its more recent meaning as a category of intermediate or hybrid elements did not become widespread until the period 1940-1960. The six elements commonly recognized as metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium. They or their compounds find uses in glasses, alloys or semiconductors. So, boron behaves chemically with both metals and non-metals.

Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper, usually with tin as the main additive. It is hard and brittle, and it was particularly significant in antiquity, so much so that the Bronze Age was named after the metal. However, since bronze is a somewhat imprecise term, and historical pieces have variable compositions, in particular with an unclear boundary with brass, modern museum and scholarly descriptions of older objects increasingly use the more cautious and inclusive term copper alloy instead.

Lead is used in the storage battery, so we also say it as a lead acid battery.  A lead-acid battery is a electrical storage device that uses a reversible chemical reaction to store energy. It uses a combination of lead plates or grids and an electrolyte consisting of a diluted sulphuric acid to convert electrical energy into potential chemical energy and back again. The electrolyte of lead-acid batteries is hazardous to your health and may produce burns and other permanent damage if you come into contact with it. Thus, when dealing with electrolyte protect yourself appropriately.

Mercury (Hg) is a metal that exists in a liquid state at room temperature.

The chemical symbol for gold is Au, derived from the Latin word 'aurum'.

Melting point of molybdenum (Mo) is 2620°C.

Technetium does not occur in nature and was the first manmade element.

Melting point of mercury is - 39°C.

Magnesium is a chemical element (symbol Mg). Silica is a compound (silicon dioxide), graphite is an allotrope of carbon, and glass is a mixture.

Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. It was discovered in 1923 in Copenhagen, Denmark. The name is derived from Hafnia, which is the Latin name for the city of Copenhagen.

Technetium (atomic number 43) was the first element to be produced artificially in a laboratory setting, filling a gap in the periodic table.

Hafnium is named after 'Hafnia', which is the Latin name for Copenhagen, where the element was discovered.

Technetium, with atomic number 43, was the first element to be produced artificially in 1937. Its name is derived from the Greek word for artificial.