Metallurgical Processes

Metallurgy is the specific branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.

Galvanization is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to prevent rusting.

Aluminium is preferred for aircraft construction primarily due to its high strength-to-weight ratio, meaning it has a low density compared to other structural metals.

According to the reactivity series of metals, a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution. Iron is more reactive than copper, so it successfully displaces copper from copper sulfate solution (Fe + CuSO4 -> FeSO4 + Cu).

Coating iron with a less reactive or protective metal like tin or chromium prevents oxygen and moisture from reaching the iron surface, thereby preventing corrosion.

Corrosion is the gradual destruction of materials, usually metals, by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment.

Smelting is a metallurgical process of extracting metal from its ore by heating it beyond the melting point in the presence of a reducing agent, typically carbon.

Hydrogen is placed in Group 1 because, like alkali metals, it has one valence electron and tends to lose it to form a positive ion (H+).

Gangue refers to the commercially valueless material that surrounds, or is closely mixed with, a wanted mineral in an ore deposit. Ore is the mineral itself, while oxides and agents are chemical categories or roles, not terms for impurities.

ANS 1.

The rusting of iron is a chemical process where iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water to form iron oxide, which is an oxidation reaction.

In metallurgy, a flux is a substance added to the ore to combine with impurities to form a fusible material called slag, which can be easily removed.

Zinc chromate, ZnCrO₄, is a chemical compound containing the chromate anion, appearing as odourless yellow solid powder. It is used industrially in chromate conversion coatings. Exposure to zinc chromate can cause tissue ulceration and cancer. Its use as a corrosion resistant agent was applied to aluminium alloy parts first in commercial aircraft, and then in military ones.