Reasoning

Logic and Fallacies

1,803 Questions

Understand the fundamentals of propositional logic, logical inference rules, and paradoxes. This set includes identifying logical fallacies, including those found in classical Nyaya logic. Strong grasp of these concepts is crucial for scoring well in the reasoning sections of competitive tests.

Propositional logic modelsLogical inference rulesTypes of logical fallaciesParadoxes and contingent truthsNyaya logic concepts

Logic and Fallacies Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an example of an informal fallacy?

  1. Ad hominem

  2. Straw man

  3. Begging the question

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are examples of informal fallacies. Ad hominem is an attack on the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Straw man is misrepresenting the opponent's argument in order to make it easier to attack. Begging the question is assuming the conclusion in the premises of the argument.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a term in predicate logic?

  1. All men are mortal

  2. Socrates is a man

  3. The number of planets in our solar system is eight

  4. Every dog has its day
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A term in predicate logic is a constant, a variable, or a function term.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a formula in predicate logic?

  1. All men are mortal

  2. Socrates is a man

  3. The number of planets in our solar system is eight

  4. Every dog has its day
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A formula in predicate logic is a well-formed expression that can be either true or false.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a sentence in predicate logic?

  1. All men are mortal

  2. Socrates is a man

  3. The number of planets in our solar system is eight

  4. Every dog has its day
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A sentence in predicate logic is a formula that does not contain any free variables.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a constant in predicate logic?

  1. x

  2. y

  3. Socrates

  4. The number 7
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A constant in predicate logic is a symbol that refers to a specific object.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a variable in predicate logic?

  1. x

  2. y

  3. Socrates

  4. The number 7
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A variable in predicate logic is a symbol that can refer to any object in the domain of discourse.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a predicate in predicate logic?

  1. All men are mortal

  2. Socrates is a man

  3. The number of planets in our solar system is eight

  4. Every dog has its day
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A predicate in predicate logic is a property or relation that can be applied to one or more objects.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a quantifier in predicate logic?

  1. All

  2. Some

  3. No

  4. Every
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A quantifier in predicate logic is a symbol that indicates the scope of a variable.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a logical connective in predicate logic?

  1. And

  2. Or

  3. Not

  4. If...then
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A logical connective in predicate logic is a symbol that connects two or more formulas.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a rule of inference in predicate logic?

  1. Modus ponens

  2. Modus tollens

  3. Hypothetical syllogism

  4. Disjunctive syllogism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A rule of inference in predicate logic is a rule that allows us to derive new formulas from given formulas.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a proof in predicate logic?

  1. A sequence of formulas that starts with axioms and ends with a theorem

  2. A sequence of formulas that is valid

  3. A sequence of formulas that is sound

  4. A sequence of formulas that is complete
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A proof in predicate logic is a sequence of formulas that starts with axioms and ends with a theorem.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a model in predicate logic?

  1. A set of objects and a set of relations on those objects

  2. A set of formulas that is consistent

  3. A set of formulas that is complete

  4. A set of formulas that is valid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A model in predicate logic is a set of objects and a set of relations on those objects.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a theorem in predicate logic?

  1. A formula that is true in every model

  2. A formula that is valid

  3. A formula that is sound

  4. A formula that is complete
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A theorem in predicate logic is a formula that is true in every model.