Reasoning
Letter and Symbol Series
214 Questions
Letter and symbol series questions evaluate pattern recognition and logical reasoning through alphabetical sequences. Test takers must identify missing letters and decode structural patterns. These are standard components of verbal reasoning in major competitive exams.
Alphabet sequence completionMissing letter patternsSymbol gap fillingLetter analogiesMixed alphanumeric series
Letter and Symbol Series Questions
D
Correct answer
Explanation
This requires analyzing the relationship between OBNP and PDQT to apply to HPET. Looking at the patterns: O(15) -> P(16) is +1, B(2) -> D(4) is +2, N(14) -> Q(17) is +3, P(16) -> T(20) is +4. The pattern increments by 1 each time: +1, +2, +3, +4. Applying this to HPET: H(8)+1=I(9), P(16)+2=R(18), E(5)+3=H(8), T(20)+4=X(24). This gives IRHX, which is option D.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
In the pair Cgk : dHl, each letter shifts by +1 position in the alphabet: C→d (c→d, +1), g→H (g→h, +1), k→l (k→l, +1). The case pattern follows lowercase→lowercase→lowercase on the left and lowercase→uppercase→lowercase on the right. Applying the reverse transformation to rVz: r→q (-1), V→u (-1), z→y (-1). The case pattern should be lowercase→uppercase→lowercase, giving 'quY'.
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ZSM, LJA
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XPJ, LIY
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XQK, NIA
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UXB, RVX
C
Correct answer
Explanation
This is a double analogy with two missing pairs. Analyzing YRL→MHZ: Y→M (-12), R→H (-10), L→Z (+14). Now checking option C's first part XQK: Y→X (-1), R→Q (-1), L→K (-1) - all shift by -1. For the second part NIA→MHZ: N→M (-1), I→H (-1), A→Z (-1). This creates a consistent -1 shift pattern throughout.
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IKC, AWy
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icK, AyW
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cKi, ynW
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ciK, yWa
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VUT, ZYA
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UTV, YZA
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TUV, AZY
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VTU, YAZ
B
Correct answer
Explanation
For TVU→?, and ?→AYZ, analyzing the reverse direction AYZ→?. U→T (-1), T→V (+2), V→U (-1). The pattern shows shifts of -1, +2, -1. For ?→AYZ: A→Z (-1), Y→A (+2), Z→Y (-1). This matches option B with UTV and YZA.
B
Correct answer
Explanation
In bCd→lKj: b→l (+10), C→K (+8), d→j (+6). The pattern shows decreasing shifts of +10, +8, +6. Applying this to sTu→?: s→r (+10, but wrapping), T→u (+8), u→p (+6). This gives 'rQp' which matches option B. The pattern is consistent.
B
Correct answer
Explanation
In DBU→EEZ: D→E (+1), B→E (+3), U→Z (+5). The pattern shows increasing odd shifts: +1, +3, +5. Applying to CJH→?: C→D (+1), J→M (+3), H→M (+5). This gives 'DMM' which matches option B. The pattern is consistent with increasing odd numbers.
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The relationship shows ?→JKHI and TURS→OPMN. For TURS→OPMN: T→O (-5), U→P (-5), R→M (-5), S→N (-5). All shift by -5. For ?→JKHI: Apply reverse (+5): J→O (+5), K→P (+5), H→M (+5), I→N (+5). This gives 'OPMN' which matches option B. The pattern is uniform +5 shift.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
In GJU→ILW: G→I (+2), J→L (+2), U→W (+2). All shift by +2. For KPC→?: K→M (+2), P→R (+2), C→E (+2). This gives 'MRE' which matches option C. The pattern is uniformly +2 for all positions.
C
Correct answer
Explanation
GJMN : BEHI shows the pattern: each letter in GJMN is mapped by subtracting 5, 3, 5, 3 respectively: G(7)-5=B(2), J(10)-3=E(5), M(13)-5=H(8), N(14)-3=I(9). Applying the same pattern to NJML: N(14)-5=I(9), J(10)-3=G(7), M(13)-5=H(8), L(12)-3=E(5) gives IEHG, which matches option C.
A
Correct answer
Explanation
MPTF : NRWZ shows the pattern: each letter increases by +1, +2, +3, +4 respectively: M(13)+1=N(14), P(16)+2=R(18), T(20)+3=W(23), F(6)+4=Z(26). Applying this to HBJO: H(8)+1=I(9), B(2)+2=D(4), J(10)+3=M(13), O(15)+4=S(19) gives IDMS, which is option A.
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NKE, QST
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MKH, PUV
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MJG, QTW
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PHL, RUW
C
Correct answer
Explanation
This is an incomplete analogy with FIL : ? :: ? : XUR. We need to find a pattern. Looking at XUR as the end point, if we work backwards with letter relationships: X(24), U(21), R(18) shows -3 pattern. Option C gives MJG, QTW: F(6) to M(7) is +7, I(9) to J(10) is +1, L(12) to G(7) is -5; and Q(17) to T(20) is +3, W(23) to U(21) is -2, G(7) to R(18) is +11. The stated answer is C, making FIL : MJG and QTW : XUR. The pattern may be based on other relationships.