Legislature and Parliament

Correct option is (4).

The Rajya Sabha is presided over by the Vice President of India, who serves as the ex-officio Chairman and is not a member of the House. In contrast, the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas are presided over by members elected from among themselves.

One of the characteristics of a parliamentary system of Government in India is that the ministry is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha). Every State has a Legislative Assembly. Certain States have an upper House also called State Legislative Council. There is a Governor for each state who is appointed by the President. Governor is the Head of the State and the executive power of the State is vested in him. The Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its head advises the Governor in the discharge of the executive functions.

Correct Answer: Both (iii) and (iv)

 Proportional representation is used for presidential elections. There is no functional representation in india. Territorial representation is used for electing the members of the parliament.

Under Article 201 of the Indian Constitution, the President can withhold assent to any bill reserved for his consideration by a State Governor. This is a absolute veto, not suspensive. The President is not bound to give assent and the bill then ends. Option A incorrectly states only suspensive veto; Option B is incomplete.

When the President returns a bill (other than a Money Bill) for reconsideration, Parliament can repass it with an ordinary majority. The President must then give assent (Article 111). No special two-thirds majority or joint sitting is required at this stage. For ordinary bills, the President cannot veto - only suspend reconsideration once.

This is the correct answer. The MPs of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public voting in single member districts.

This is correct. By-elections can be held in a constituency to fill a vacancy caused by death or resignation of a member.

Correct Answer: none

The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous sessions, and unlike the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament is not subject to dissolution. The President can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members sit for staggered six-year terms, with one third of the members retiring every two years. 

In second reading, if a Bill is referred to a Select/Joint Committee, the Committee considers the Bill clause-by-clause just as the House does.

The committee consists of 15 members of Lok Sabha and not 25 members. The function of the committee is to examine the accounts showing the appropriation of the sums granted by Parliament to meet the expenditure of the Government of India and such other accounts laid before the House as the committee may think fit. Apart from the Reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on appropriation accounts of the Union Government, the committee also examines the various Audit Reports of the Comptroller and Auditor General on revenue receipts, expenditure by various Ministries/Departments of Government and accounts of autonomous bodies.

Ganesh Vasudeo Mavalankar was the first Speaker of Lok Sabha, serving from 1952-1956. He had previously served as President of the Constituent Assembly and Speaker of the Constituent Assembly (Legislative).

Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) are directly elected by the people of their respective constituencies. This is a fundamental feature of democratic governance where citizens choose their representatives through universal adult franchise. In bicameral legislatures, the upper house may have indirect elections, but MLAs are always directly elected.