Law Legal Studies ยท Civics Polity

Legal Principles and Doctrines

2,539 Questions

Legal principles and doctrines establish the foundational rules of jurisprudence and civil rights. Questions cover constitutional reasonable restrictions, courtroom evidence standards, and property laws. These topics are strictly necessary for law legal studies exams and judicial services prelims.

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Legal Principles and Doctrines Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a type of jurisdiction in military law?

  1. Personal jurisdiction

  2. Subject-matter jurisdiction

  3. Geographical jurisdiction

  4. Territorial jurisdiction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Territorial jurisdiction is not a type of jurisdiction in military law.

Multiple choice

What is the principle of forum non conveniens?

  1. A court may decline to exercise jurisdiction over a case if it is more appropriately tried in another forum.

  2. A court must exercise jurisdiction over a case if it has personal jurisdiction over the defendant.

  3. A court may exercise jurisdiction over a case even if it does not have personal jurisdiction over the defendant.

  4. A court must dismiss a case if it does not have subject-matter jurisdiction.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The principle of forum non conveniens allows a court to decline to exercise jurisdiction over a case if it is more appropriately tried in another forum.

Multiple choice

What is the burden of proof in a civil law case?

  1. The plaintiff must prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence

  2. The defendant must prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence

  3. The plaintiff must prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt

  4. The defendant must prove their case beyond a reasonable doubt
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In a civil law case, the plaintiff must prove their case by a preponderance of the evidence, which means that they must show that it is more likely than not that their claims are true.

Multiple choice

What are the three main stages of a civil law trial?

  1. Pleading, discovery, and trial

  2. Motions, discovery, and trial

  3. Jury selection, opening statements, and closing arguments

  4. Voir dire, direct examination, and cross-examination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The three main stages of a civil law trial are pleading, discovery, and trial. Pleading is the process of filing the initial complaint and answer. Discovery is the process of exchanging information between the parties. Trial is the process of presenting evidence and arguments to a judge or jury.

Multiple choice

What are some of the career opportunities available to civil law advocates?

  1. Working as a lawyer in a private law firm

  2. Working as a lawyer in a government agency

  3. Working as a law professor

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Civil law advocates can pursue a variety of career opportunities, including working as a lawyer in a private law firm, working as a lawyer in a government agency, and working as a law professor.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a valid justification defense in criminal law?

  1. Self-defense

  2. Defense of others

  3. Necessity

  4. Insanity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Insanity is not a justification defense, but rather a mental state defense that negates the element of mens rea (criminal intent).

Multiple choice

The defense of others is a justification defense that allows a person to use force to protect:

  1. Themselves

  2. Their spouse or child

  3. A close friend or family member

  4. Any innocent person
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The defense of others allows a person to use force to protect any innocent person, not just those with whom they have a close relationship.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a valid justification defense in international criminal law?

  1. Self-defense

  2. Defense of others

  3. Necessity

  4. Superior orders
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Superior orders is not a valid justification defense in international criminal law, as it is considered a defense of obedience to authority, which is not recognized as a valid defense to crimes against humanity, war crimes, or genocide.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a valid justification defense in military law?

  1. Self-defense

  2. Defense of others

  3. Necessity

  4. Following orders
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Following orders is not a valid justification defense in military law, as it is considered a defense of obedience to authority, which is not recognized as a valid defense to war crimes or crimes against humanity.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a valid justification defense in environmental law?

  1. Self-defense

  2. Defense of others

  3. Necessity

  4. Economic hardship
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Economic hardship is not a valid justification defense in environmental law, as it is not considered a sufficient reason to justify causing environmental harm.

Multiple choice

In which of the following situations would the defense of necessity be a valid justification defense in medical law?

  1. A doctor performs an abortion to save the life of the mother.

  2. A doctor performs a surgery without the patient's consent to save their life.

  3. A doctor prescribes a medication to a patient without their consent to save their life.

  4. A doctor performs a cosmetic surgery on a patient without their consent.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The defense of necessity is a valid justification defense in medical law when a doctor performs a medical procedure without the patient's consent in order to save their life.

Multiple choice

In which of the following situations would the defense of self-defense be a valid justification defense in sports law?

  1. A player uses force to prevent an opponent from scoring a goal.

  2. A player uses force to prevent an opponent from injuring them.

  3. A player uses force to prevent an opponent from cheating.

  4. A player uses force to prevent an opponent from talking trash.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The defense of self-defense is a valid justification defense in sports law when a player uses force to protect themselves from imminent harm.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is NOT a valid justification defense in employment law?

  1. Self-defense

  2. Defense of others

  3. Necessity

  4. Bona fide occupational qualification
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bona fide occupational qualification is not a justification defense in employment law, as it is a defense that allows an employer to discriminate against a person based on a protected characteristic, such as race, sex, or religion, if the discrimination is necessary for the job.

Multiple choice

What are some of the defenses to a religious discrimination claim?

  1. Bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)

  2. Undue hardship

  3. Religious exemption

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All of the above are defenses to a religious discrimination claim.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a principle of natural justice?

  1. Audi alteram partem

  2. Nemo judex in causa sua

  3. Ignorantia juris non excusat

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Audi alteram partem means that both sides of a case must be heard before a decision is made. Nemo judex in causa sua means that no one can be a judge in their own case. Ignorantia juris non excusat means that ignorance of the law is not an excuse for breaking the law.