Jurisprudence and Legal Theory

International Law emphasizes the principle of pacta sunt servanda, which means that treaties and agreements must be upheld and respected.

In an Administrative Law system, the primary source of law is regulations and directives issued by administrative agencies.

Local customs and usages are the primary source of customary law.

Judicial deference is a theory of judicial review that holds that courts should defer to the decisions of the other branches of government unless there is a clear violation of the Constitution. This theory is based on the idea that the other branches of government are more accountable to the people than the courts are.

Originalism is a theory of judicial review that holds that courts should interpret the Constitution according to its original meaning. This theory is based on the idea that the Constitution is a fixed document that should not be changed by the courts.

Textualism is a theory of judicial review that holds that courts should interpret the Constitution according to its plain meaning. This theory is based on the idea that the Constitution is a legal document that should be interpreted like any other law.

Living Constitutionalism is a theory of judicial review that holds that courts should interpret the Constitution in a way that promotes the values of liberty and equality. This theory is based on the idea that the Constitution is a living document that should be interpreted in light of changing circumstances.

Judicial Activism is a theory of judicial review that holds that courts should actively use their power to strike down laws that they believe are unconstitutional. This theory is based on the idea that the courts are the ultimate guardians of the Constitution.

Strict Constructionism is not a theory of judicial review. It is a method of interpreting the Constitution that focuses on the plain meaning of the text.

Originalism is most closely associated with the Supreme Court decisions in Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland. These decisions established the principle of judicial review and held that the Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

Living Constitutionalism is most closely associated with the Supreme Court decisions in Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade. These decisions held that the Constitution protects the rights of minorities and women, even if those rights are not explicitly stated in the text of the Constitution.

Judicial Activism is most closely associated with the Supreme Court decisions in Citizens United v. FEC and Shelby County v. Holder. These decisions struck down campaign finance regulations and voting rights protections, respectively.

Originalism is most likely to be supported by conservatives because it focuses on the original meaning of the Constitution. Conservatives believe that the Constitution should be interpreted according to its original meaning, rather than being changed by the courts.

Living Constitutionalism is most likely to be supported by liberals because it allows the Constitution to be interpreted in a way that promotes the values of liberty and equality. Liberals believe that the Constitution should be interpreted in a way that is relevant to the needs of the modern world.

Judicial Activism is most likely to lead to judicial activism because it gives courts the power to strike down laws that they believe are unconstitutional. This power can be used to promote the values of the judges who are making the decisions.