Invertebrate Zoology

Cockroaches and earthworms are free living organisms, i.e. they do not live in or on the body of any other living organisms.

Metameres are the outer segments of the cuticle.

Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous) has four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Butterflies undergo complete metamorphosis (caterpillar → chrysalis → butterfly). Bed bugs, grasshoppers, and silverfish undergo incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous) where juveniles resemble small adults without a pupal stage.

Insects breathe through a branched network of tubes called tracheae that open out onto the chest and abdomen. Oxygen is pulled into the body through openings in their abdomens called spiracles. Once the oxygen has been pulled in, the outermost vents close and the air is forced into increasingly smaller pipes known as tubules, until it reaches the required cells. Lungs are a pair of large organs in our chest and are a part of our respiratory system. All vertebrate animals, which live on land, have lungs.

Vermiculture means worm growing or worm farming. When earthworms are used primarily for the production of compost, the practice is referred to as vermicomposting.

Keeping in sight the form of mouth parts found in the order diptera, the fly-caterpillar association is build through 'endoparasitism', where a parasite lives within its host’s body. 

(i) Statement (1) is incorrect. King cobra is the largest poisonous Indian snake.

The larvae of the silk moth are known as silkworms.

During the larval stage, the worms shed their skin four times.

This is the correct answer. 

This is the correct option. Houseflies have spiracles on their body and tracheae as respiratory organs.

Spiders are not insects. They have eight legs, and their bodies are divided in two parts, whereas all insects have six legs and three body parts. Spiders also have poison glands in their mouths that they use to kill or paralyze their victims.

Butterflies and Moths

Internal parasites thrive in the intestine of a cow's body. Parasites are organisms that live on other organisms and feed on them. Parasites can be internal as well as external. They can enter into the intestine by going through the mouth when these organisms are swallowed. They move into the intestine where they can reproduce. The environment of intestine facilitates parasite reproduction and growth. External parasites live on the skin, eyes and hairs and cause skin diseases, while internal parasites like worms affect stomach and intestine. 

This is a right option. Butterflies are insects.  A butterfly’s life cycle is made up of four parts, egg, larva (caterpillars), pupa and adult. Butterflies attach their eggs to leaves with a special glue. A larva or caterpillar hatches from each egg. Most caterpillars are plant eaters (herbivores). Fully grown caterpillars attach themselves to a suitable twig or leaf before shedding their outside layer of skin to reveal a hard skin underneath known as a pupa or chrysalis. Later on pupa convert in to butterfly. An adult butterfly will eventually emerge from the chrysalis where it will wait a few hours for its wings to fill with blood and dry, before flying for the first time. Butterflies can live in the adult stage from anywhere between a week and a year, depending on the species.