Invertebrate Zoology

Green glands are excretory organs of crustaceans. They are also called antennal glands because these glands are located near the base of larger antennae. Each gland has three parts end sac, labyrinth and bladder. The labyrinth is the proper excretory gland.

Malpighian tubules are excretory structures in most insects, including cockroaches, but in crustaceans such as prawns, green glands conduct excretory functions, whereas all other statements are true.

The excretory system of earthworm contains a pair of nephridia in every segment, except for the first three and the last ones. The three types of nephridia are: integumentary, septal, and pharyngeal. The integumentary nephridia lie attached to the inner side of the body wall in all segments except the first two. The septal nephridia are attached to both sides of the septa behind the 15th segment. The pharyngeal nephridia are attached to fourth, fifth and sixth segments.

In many higher crustaceans the excretory glands are located in the head. They are called antennal glands or maxillary glands, depending on whether they open at the base of the antennae or at the maxillae.

Chloragogen cells in annelids function similarly to the liver in vertebrates. The cells store glycogen and neutralize toxins, are yellowish in colour due to the presence of yellow granules, called as chloragosomes and are present in coelomic fluid of some annelids.

The excretory organ of cockroach is the Malpighian tubules. It is found at the junction of the midgut and hindgut and are about 150 in number. 

Porifera (sponges), Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Cnidaria (Hydra) do not have a well-developed digestive system. They have 'blind-sac' body plan, with an opening that serves as both the mouth and the anus, and a gastrovascular cavity where digestion takes place.

Malpighian tubules are found lining the gut of some species of arthropods, such as the bee. They are usually found in pairs and the number of tubules varies with the species of insect. Malpighian tubules are convoluted, which increases their surface area, and they are lined with microvilli for reabsorption and maintenance of osmotic balance. Malpighian tubules work cooperatively with specialized glands in the wall of the rectum.

Nephridia are the invertebrate excretory organ that performs a function similar to the vertebrate kidney. These are small coiled tubes. Leech contains 17 pairs of nephridia arranged segmentally. 

Homologous organs are the organ which has the same origin but performs different functions. Wings of honey bee and crow are the analogous as they perform the same function. Where thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are the homologous organs. Nictitating membrane is the vestigial organ of the human eye but not the blind spot. Whereas nephridia is the excretory organ of earthworm and malpighian tubule of the cockroach. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

• Spiracles are openings on the surface of some animals, which usually lead to respiratory systems. 
• The spiracle is a small hole behind each eye that opens to the mouth. Insects and some more derived spiders have spiracles on their exoskeletons to allow air to enter the trachea.
•  In the respiratory system of insects, the tracheal tubes primarily deliver oxygen directly into the animals' tissues. 
• The spiracles can be opened and closed in an efficient manner to reduce water loss. Hence, The respiratory organs in cockroach are spiracles.

Cockroach belongs to Arthropoda which is covered by an exoskeleton. The body is divided into three regions head, thorax and abdomen. They have a true coelom and have open spaces known as sinus. The segmentation is internal as well as internal while in hydra, tapeworm and leech only external segments are present 

The hypopharynx is an appendage or thickened fold on the floor of the mouth of many insects, that resembles a tongue. Thus, option B is correct.
The labium is a fused mouth part, which forms the floor of the mouth of an insect. Thus, option C is wrong.
The labrum is a structure corresponding to a lip, especially the upper border of the mouth parts of a crustacean or insect. Thus, option D is wrong.
The maxilla is the jaw or jawbone, specifically the upper jaw in most vertebrates. In humans, it also forms part of the nose and eye socket. Thus, option A is wrong.

Bed bug ,sand fly silk worn are placed in tracheate  group of Arthropoda because they have trachae for  respiration Embryonic development of echinoderms shows a number of similarities with those of chordates .