Internet and Web

The Cheese Worm was an internet worm that specifically targeted Linux systems in 2001. It exploited vulnerabilities in Linux services and was named for its unusual behavior of leaving a 'cheese' marker file. Option B is correct. Blaster worm targeted Windows, Nachi/Welchia was a Windows worm that tried to patch Blaster, and Butter worm is fictional.

Looksky, Klez, and Sober are all well-known email worms that propagate through infected email attachments or mass-mailing techniques. Warhol worm was a theoretical worm design concept focused on rapid propagation using a scanning strategy, not email-based distribution.

Samy worm and Bom Sabado are both XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) worms that spread through web applications by injecting malicious JavaScript. Samy worm targeted MySpace, while Bom Sabado affected Orkut. SQL Slammer is a SQL worm targeting database servers, and Sober is an email worm.

ALL user-supplied input requires validation. Host Headers (A) can be used for cache poisoning or injection attacks. Cookies (B) contain user data that attackers can manipulate. Referrer Headers (C) can contain malicious URLs or scripts. Therefore 'None of the above' (D) is correct - there is no user input that can be safely trusted without validation.

Web servers log query strings as part of the URL in access logs. Headers and cookies can also be logged but query strings are most consistently logged by default. Hidden tags in forms are part of POST data, not visible in GET request URLs.

LiveHTTPHeaders is a Firefox browser extension that allows viewing and modifying HTTP headers, making it a browser-based HTTP tampering tool. The other options are not Firefox-specific tools.

OWASP WebGoat is a deliberately insecure J2EE web application created as a learning platform for developers and security professionals to practice identifying and exploiting common web application vulnerabilities. It includes lessons on SQL injection, XSS, authentication bypass, and other OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities. It is not a scanning tool or proxy.

The only reliable way to prevent forceful browsing is checking authorization on every requested page before serving it. Naming schemes (B), directory organization (C), and ACLs (D) are all bypassable and do not enforce access control at the application level.

Jack Smith co-founded Hotmail in 1996, one of the first web-based email services. Hotmail was later acquired by Microsoft and became MSN Hotmail. The other options (Blogger, Picasa, Delicious) were founded by different people: Blogger by Evan Williams, Picasa by Lars Ahlin and others, Delicious by Joshua Schachter.

System.Web.Mail is marked as obsolete and deprecated by Microsoft. It was replaced by System.Net.Mail which provides better functionality, security, and maintainability. Using obsolete classes is discouraged as they may be removed in future versions and often lack modern features. System.Net.Mail became the standard starting with .NET Framework 2.0.

PHP originally stood for 'Personal Home Page' when created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. As the language evolved into a general-purpose scripting language, the meaning was changed to a recursive acronym 'PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor' to reflect its focus on server-side web development and distinguish it from its original purpose. This recursive naming convention (like GNU = GNU's Not Unix) is common in open source projects.

The first message sent over ARPANET was 'LO' - the system crashed after typing 'LOG' from 'LOGIN'. This occurred on October 29, 1969, between UCLA and Stanford Research Institute.

The development of HTML5 was initiated by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) in 2004. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) later joined the effort to adopt and co-develop it. W3Schools and WYSIWYG editors are unrelated to its creation, making WHATWG and W3C correct.

In Internet Explorer, cookie settings and viewing options are accessed through the Tools menu (Tools > Internet Options). View, Favorites, and File menus do not contain cookie-related settings. The path is Tools > Internet Options > General tab, where you can view or delete cookies under Browsing History settings.

Internet Explorer's default history retention period is approximately 20-25 days, which is closest to 4 weeks. The exact duration can be configured in Internet Options under the General tab. History can be viewed for any period within this retention window by date.