Biology of Insects and Pollination

Many flowers produce nectar. When an insect lands on a flower to feed, pollen grains stick to its body. As the insect moves to another flower of the same species, these pollen grains are transferred to the flower’s stigma and pollination occurs.

Anemophily is a type of pollination in which pollination takes place with the help of wind. Entomophily is a type of pollination in which pollination takes place through insect. Myrmecophily is a mutual association of some plants with ants to save themselves from other animals. Hydrophily is a type of pollination in which pollination occurs through flow of water. 

The Yucca moth is also termed as the Pronuba moth. It is a small white moth that lives in the semi-arid habitats where Yucca plants grow. The Yucca moth is well-known for its relationship with the Yucca plant. The Yucca moth’s larvae are relying on the seeds of the Yucca plant as a primary food source. No one can exist without the other, creating an obligate mutualism between the moth and the plant. It is true for types of Yucca moths such as Tegeticula .

 So correct answer is option B.

In Salvia, pollination occurs through the agency of insects. When insects are the pollinating agents, then pollination is known as entomophily. These are the most common biotic agents of pollination. Bees are the most common insect which acts as pollinating agents. Other insect pollinators are butterflies, flies, beetles, wasps, ants, moths. Majority of insect-pollinated flowers are large-sized. Small-sized flowers are clustered into an inflorescence. Flowers are colourful and fragrant. Nectaries are present. The pollen grain is sticky.

Pollination is processed by the agent which transfers pollen from the pollen sac or anther to the stigma or ovule in the flower. Pollination done by snails is called malacophily. Such type of flowers is called as malacophilous. These flowers achieve pollination only by the help of snails and slugs.

Thus, the correct answer is malacophily.

Correct option is B.

Fragrant flowers with well-developed nectaries are an adaptation for entomophily. In entomophily, insects are the pollinating agents. These are the most common biotic agents of pollination. Bees are the most common insect which acts as pollinating agents. Other insect pollinators are butterflies, flies, beetles, wasps, ants, moths. Majority of insect-pollinated flowers are large-sized. These flowers are colorful and possess fragrance to attract the insects. Nectar is given as a reward to insects. Thus, option C is correct.

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a male part of a plant (anthers) to a female part of a plant (stigma), enabling later fertilisation and the production of seeds, most often by an animal or by the wind. Pollination is a very important part of the life cycle of plants. Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, is distributed by insects. A major role of the insect is that of pollinator, meaning they transfer pollen from plant to plant (or sometimes within the same plant), which results in the development of a seed.

When the flowers are pollinated by insects, it is called entomophily. Such flowers has evolved mechanisms to make themselves more appealing or conspicuous to insects by having bright colors or scented flowers, nectar or appealing shapes and patterns.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Flowers are conspicuous and scented having nectar'.

Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid and occurs naturally, mostly in ant venom. 

An apiary is a place where beehives are kept. It is derived from the Latin word 'apis', meaning bee.