Indian Social Structure

Gender is a horizontal dimension of social stratification, as it divides society into two broad categories (male and female) with distinct social roles and expectations.

A meritocratic social stratification system emphasizes social mobility based on individual achievement and merit, rather than ascribed status or inherited social position.

Class is a vertical dimension of social stratification, as it divides society into different socioeconomic strata based on factors such as income, occupation, and education.

Traditionally, in many parts of India, women have been primarily responsible for household chores, childcare, and other domestic duties, while men have been the breadwinners and primary income earners.

In his book 'Annihilation of Caste', B.R. Ambedkar argues that caste is a social evil that must be eradicated, as it is a barrier to the development of democracy in India and a form of social oppression that must be fought against.

Hindus were subjected to heavy taxes and forced labor by the Delhi Sultanate. They were also forced to pay a special tax called the jizya, which was a tax on non-Muslims.

According to the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002, farmers, agricultural laborers, and artisans are all eligible to become members of an Agricultural Cooperative Society.

Patrilineal descent is a common feature of tribal communities, where lineage is traced through the father's line.

The clan is the basic unit of social organization in tribal communities, consisting of a group of people who share a common ancestor.

The clan performs a variety of functions in tribal communities, including regulating marriage, settling disputes, and performing religious rituals.

The chief is the political, religious, and economic leader of the tribe, and is responsible for maintaining order and resolving disputes.

Women in tribal communities play a vital role in household chores, childrearing, economic activities, and decision-making.

Tribal communities in India have achieved a number of successes, including the success of the Self-Help Group movement, the emergence of tribal entrepreneurs, and the revival of traditional arts and crafts.

The role of women in tribal marriage and family life varies across different communities, ranging from subordinate to equal to dominant.

The inheritance pattern in tribal communities varies, with some following patrilineal (inheritance through the father's line), others following matrilineal (inheritance through the mother's line), and still others following bilateral (inheritance from both parents).