Social Science

Indian Philosophy

4,499 Questions

This segment explores core concepts and major schools of Indian philosophy. It features questions on Vedanta, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, and theories of knowledge and causality. These topics are essential for philosophy optional and general studies papers.

Philosophical schoolsVedanta conceptsTheory of knowledgeCausality and rebirth

Indian Philosophy Questions

Multiple choice

What are the three essential components of an inference in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Paksha, Sadhya, and Vyapti

  2. Hetu, Sadhana, and Phala

  3. Dharmin, Dharma, and Vishesha

  4. Karana, Karya, and Sambandha
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A Correct answer
Explanation

An inference in Nyaya consists of three components: Paksha (the subject to be proved), Sadhya (the conclusion to be established), and Vyapti (the universal connection between the subject and the conclusion).

Multiple choice

What is the term used in Nyaya to refer to a logical fallacy?

  1. Hetvabhasa

  2. Sadhana

  3. Vyapti

  4. Dharmin
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Hetvabhasa is the term used in Nyaya to denote a logical fallacy, which is a flaw in reasoning that leads to an invalid conclusion.

Multiple choice

What is the term used in Nyaya to refer to the universal connection between two things?

  1. Vyapti

  2. Hetu

  3. Sadhana

  4. Dharmin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vyapti is the term used in Nyaya to describe the universal connection between two things, which is essential for establishing a valid inference.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is considered a valid form of Vyapti in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. All cows are animals.

  2. All animals are cows.

  3. Some cows are white.

  4. No cows are white.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A valid Vyapti in Nyaya is a universal affirmative proposition that establishes a necessary connection between the subject and the predicate.

Multiple choice

What is the term used in Nyaya to refer to the logical relationship between a cause and its effect?

  1. Karana

  2. Karya

  3. Sambandha

  4. Vyapti
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Karana is the term used in Nyaya to denote the logical relationship between a cause and its effect.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is considered a valid example of Karana-Karya relationship in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Fire is the cause of smoke.

  2. Smoke is the cause of fire.

  3. Day is the cause of night.

  4. Night is the cause of day.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A valid Karana-Karya relationship in Nyaya is one where the cause necessarily produces the effect.

Multiple choice

What is the term used in Nyaya to refer to the logical relationship between a property and its possessor?

  1. Dharmin

  2. Dharma

  3. Vishesha

  4. Sambandha
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Dharmin is the term used in Nyaya to denote the logical relationship between a property and its possessor.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is considered a valid example of Dharmin-Dharma relationship in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Cow is the possessor of horns.

  2. Horns are the possessor of cow.

  3. Fire is the possessor of heat.

  4. Heat is the possessor of fire.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A valid Dharmin-Dharma relationship in Nyaya is one where the property necessarily belongs to the possessor.

Multiple choice

What is the term used in Nyaya to refer to the logical relationship between two different things?

  1. Sambandha

  2. Karana

  3. Karya

  4. Dharmin
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Sambandha is the term used in Nyaya to denote the logical relationship between two different things.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is considered a valid example of Sambandha relationship in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Father is the father of son.

  2. Son is the father of father.

  3. Teacher is the teacher of student.

  4. Student is the teacher of teacher.
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A Correct answer
Explanation

A valid Sambandha relationship in Nyaya is one where the relationship between the two things is necessary and meaningful.

Multiple choice

The ancient Indian system of philosophy that emphasizes the importance of non-violence, truthfulness, and self-realization is known as:

  1. Jainism

  2. Buddhism

  3. Hinduism

  4. Sikhism
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Explanation

Jainism is an ancient Indian system of philosophy that emphasizes the importance of non-violence, truthfulness, and self-realization. Jains believe in the principle of ahimsa (non-violence) and strive to live a life that is free from harm to all living beings. Jainism has a rich history and culture and has influenced various aspects of Indian society and thought.

Multiple choice

What is the central philosophy of Buddhism?

  1. Karma and Reincarnation

  2. The Four Noble Truths

  3. Nirvana

  4. The Eightfold Path
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Four Noble Truths, which include the existence of suffering, its causes, its cessation, and the path to its cessation, form the core philosophy of Buddhism.

Multiple choice

What is the fifth limb of Patanjali's eightfold path of yoga?

  1. Pratyahara

  2. Dharana

  3. Dhyana

  4. Samadhi
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A Correct answer
Explanation

Pratyahara is the fifth limb of Patanjali's eightfold path of yoga. It involves withdrawing the senses from external objects and directing them inward.

Multiple choice

What is the central concept of Vishishtadvaita Vedanta?

  1. The unity of reality

  2. The diversity of reality

  3. The unity and diversity of reality

  4. The illusion of reality
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vishishtadvaita Vedanta emphasizes the unity and diversity of reality. It argues that reality is both one and many, and that the one is not separate from the many.

Multiple choice

What is the central concept in Buddhism that leads to suffering?

  1. Anatta

  2. Dukkha

  3. Karma

  4. Samsara
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dukkha, often translated as suffering or unsatisfactoriness, is the fundamental concept in Buddhism that refers to the inherent dissatisfaction and suffering present in all conditioned existence.