Indian Philosophy and Aesthetics

By the first century A.D., Buddhism split into two main schools: Hinayana and Mahayana. Mahayana became prominent during the reign of Kanishka.

The Bhakti movement, while rooted in Hindu traditions, was significantly influenced by the Sufi tradition of mysticism and devotion, which emphasized a personal relationship with the divine.

The Third Buddhist Council was convened by Emperor Ashoka at Pataliputra and was presided over by the monk Moggaliputta Tissa.

It was the local language of the common people which made preachings easily understandable.

It was the first to mention four ashramas of life.

This is the correct answer. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees.

This is the correct answer as the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings.

The concept of the unity of the soul (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman) is a central theme of the Upanishads.

In Daiva marriage, the father gives his daughter to a priest who performs a sacrifice. This is distinct from other forms like Brahma (learned man) or Arsha (exchange for cattle).

Sarnath is the site where Buddha delivered his first sermon, known as the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta, after attaining enlightenment.

The core teachings of Buddha are centered on the Four Noble Truths, known in Sanskrit as Arya Satyas. These truths address the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation.

Dharmachakra Parivarthan, or the Turning of the Wheel of Dharma, refers to the first sermon delivered by Buddha at Sarnath after attaining enlightenment. The other options are incorrect terminology.

In Jainism, Vardhaman Mahavir is revered as the 24th and final Tirthankara of the current cosmic age. He is the most significant figure in the tradition.

Devavrinda refers to the specific pantheon of deities worshipped during the Sangam period, which included Murugan, Krishna, Siva, Indra, and Balarama.