Indian Mathematicians and Astronomers

Madhava of Sangamagrama developed the concept of the calculus in the 14th century.

Madhava of Sangamagrama developed the concept of the power series in the 14th century.

Madhava of Sangamagrama developed the concept of the differential calculus in the 14th century.

The Lilavati, written by Bhaskara II in the 12th century, was translated into English in the 18th century.

Madhava of Sangamagrama developed the concept of the integral calculus in the 14th century.

The Brahmasphutasiddhanta, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century, was translated into French in the 19th century.

Aryabhata proposed a geocentric model of the universe, where the Earth is at the center and the Sun, Moon, and other planets revolve around it.

Brahmagupta, in the 7th century, introduced the concept of negative numbers and developed rules for their operations.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, in the 20th century, made significant contributions to calculus, infinite series, and number theory.

Aryabhata, in the 5th century, proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Madhava of Sangamagrama is widely regarded as the father of Indian calculus due to his significant contributions to the development of calculus in the 14th century.

Bhaskara II introduced the concept of fluxions, which is similar to the modern concept of derivatives, in the 12th century.

Bhaskara II discussed the concept of fluxions in his treatise Siddhanta Shiromani, which is a comprehensive work on astronomy and mathematics.

S. Ramanujan made significant contributions to the theory of elliptic functions, which are a class of special functions that arise in various areas of mathematics and physics.

S.L. Loney made significant contributions to the development of fractional calculus, which is a branch of mathematics that deals with derivatives and integrals of arbitrary order.