Indian Honours and Awards

Paramvir Chakra is India's highest gallantry award, awarded for conspicuous bravery in the face of the enemy. Ashok Chakra is the highest peacetime gallantry award. Mahavir Chakra is the second-highest wartime gallantry award. 'Param Vishista Chakra' appears to be a distractor.

The Arjuna Award is conferred by the Government of India for excellence in sports and games. It is named after the legendary archer Arjuna from the Mahabharata. It is NOT awarded for bravery in battle, archery specifically, or emergency service.

Jeev Milkha Singh, India's first golfer to join the European Tour, received the Padma Shri in 2007. The question text has grammatical issues but clearly refers to this achievement. He earned this honor for his groundbreaking international golf success, including multiple European Tour wins.

Abdus Salam was indeed the first Pakistani national to win a Nobel Prize, receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979. He shared the prize with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for their contributions to the electroweak unification theory, which explains the relationship between electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces. The other options are notable Nobel laureads but from different countries.

The Dronacharya Award, instituted in 1985, is India's highest honor for outstanding coaches in sports and games. It is named after Dronacharya (the guru of the Pandavas and Kauravas in the Mahabharata) who was a master of advanced military arts. The Arjuna Award is for sportsmen, while umpires and sports editors have their own or no specific national awards.

The Deshikottama (also spelled Deshikottam) is the highest academic award conferred by Visva-Bharati University, the institution founded by Rabindranath Tagore. It is an honorary doctorate degree.

Major Laishram Jyotin Singh was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra on Republic Day 2011 for his exceptional bravery during the terrorist attack on the Indian Embassy in Kabul in 2010. He single-handedly fought and killed a terrorist while saving others.

This is a factual question about Bharat Ratna recipients. Purushottam Das Tandon received the Bharat Ratna in 1961. 'P V Rao' appears to be a garbled reference to PV Narasimha Rao (awarded 2024, likely after this question was written) or possibly confusion with another name.

Rabindranath Tagore won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, becoming the first non-European to receive this honor. He was recognized for Gitanjali, his collection of poems. The other Indian Nobel laureates listed won in different categories: C.V. Raman (Physics, 1930), Mother Teresa (Peace, 1979), and Amartya Sen (Economics, 1998).

C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman Effect - the scattering of light and the change in wavelength. This was a groundbreaking contribution to optical physics. The other options are Indian Nobel laureates in different fields: Tagore (Literature), Mother Teresa (Peace), and Amartya Sen (Economics).

Mother Teresa won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work through the Missionaries of Charity in Kolkata. She founded the order to serve 'the poorest of the poor' and was recognized for her lifelong dedication to helping the destitute and dying. The other options are Indian Nobel laureates in science fields.

Amartya Sen won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics, including his work on poverty, inequality, and famine. He developed methods for measuring poverty that influenced global policy. The other options include Indian Nobel laureates: Tagore (Literature, 1913), C.V. Raman (Physics, 1930), and Har Gobind Khorana (Medicine, 1968).

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar won the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of stars. The other options are Nobel laureates in different fields: V.S. Naipaul (Literature, 2001), Amartya Sen (Economics, 1998), and Mother Teresa (Peace, 1979).

Dr. Rajkumar did not receive the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for any specific film performance. The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema, given for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema, not for acting in a particular film. While Rajkumar received the Padma Bhushan and numerous Filmfare Awards, the Dadasaheb Phalke Award was never bestowed upon him.

Dr. Joon Lew of Korea received the International Gandhi Award for his dedicated work in leprosy eradication. The Gandhi Award recognizes individuals and organizations that have made significant contributions to eliminating leprosy (Hansen's disease) through medical treatment, rehabilitation, and social awareness campaigns. His work was part of global efforts to combat this stigmatized disease.