Indian Heritage and Monuments

Uraiyur (also known as Uraiyur or Tiruchirappalli) was the early capital of the Chola dynasty before they shifted their capital to Thanjavur (then known as Tanjore). Uraiyur was an important city in ancient Tamil country and served as the political center of the Cholas during their early period of ascendancy in the Tamil region.

Archaeological excavations at Surkotada in Kutch, Gujarat, have revealed remains of horse bones, providing evidence of horses in the Harappan civilization. This finding is significant as it helps understand the fauna known to Harappans. Other sites like Mohenjodaro, Rakhigarhi, and Kalibangan have not yielded horse remains.

Option (4) is the correct answer. 

Amritsar is the holiest city in Punjab and home to the Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib), the most sacred gurdwara and spiritual center of Sikhism. It is a major pilgrimage destination for Sikhs worldwide. Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Bathinda are important cities but not primarily known as holy places.

Under the Peshwas, particularly Balaji Baji Rao, the Maratha Empire stretched to Peshawar in the northwest. The Maratha forces under Raghunath Rao and later Malhar Rao Holkar reached Peshawar in the 1750s, making it one of the northernmost points of Maratha expansion. This demonstrated the extensive reach of Maratha military power.

The 1857 revolt began at Barrackpore (March 29), spread to Meerut (May 10) and Delhi (May 11-12), then expanded to Lucknow later (May 30-June). Lucknow was one of the last major centers to witness the inception of the revolt. The timing shows the rebellion's progression - it started in eastern India and moved toward Lucknow, which joined after the initial flashpoints had already erupted.

Begum Hazrat Mahal led the 1857 revolt from Lucknow after her husband (Wajid Ali Shah, the Nawab of Awadh) was exiled to Kolkata. She refused to accept the British pension and led the rebel forces in Lucknow, declaring her son Birjis Qadr as the ruler. Kanpur was led by Nana Saheb, Bareilly by Khan Bahadur Khan, and Arrah had Kunwar Singh.

Chanu Daro and Kot Diji are found in present day Pakistan.

A harp-like instrument depicted on an Indus seal and two shell objects was found at Lothal and this indicates the use of stringed musical instruments.

Dholavira was the largest site of the Indus Valley. It was known for its unique water management practices.

Outside India, the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) have large Jain communities. The first Jain temple to be built outside India was constructed and consecrated in the 1960s in Mombassa, Kenya.

Temple building received great impetus from the conquests and the genius of Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra Chola. The maturity and grandeur to which the Chola architecture had evolved found expression in the two temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram. The magnificent Siva temple of Thanjavur, completed around 1009, is a fitting memorial to the material achievements of the time of Rajaraja. The Brihadisvara Temple at Thanjavur, the temple of Gangaikondacholisvaram at Gangaikondacholapuram and the Airavatesvara Temple at Darasuram were declared as World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO, and are referred to as the Great living Chola temples.

There was arrangement for supply of water only.

Lothal and Dholavira are in Gujarat. Rakhi Garhi is in Haryana.

Correct option is (3).