History of Religion

Gerardus Mercator was a renowned 16th century Flemish cartographer, best known for creating the Mercator projection map. He was not primarily known as a historian or travel enthusiast.

Martin Luther King was one of the most important leaders of the changes that took place within Christianity in Europe. He felt that several practices in the Roman Catholic Church went against the teachings of the Bible. His supporters were known as Protestants. He encouraged the use of the language of ordinary people rather than Latin. He translated the Bible into German.

Martin Luther questioned the authority of church as well as pope because they have taken up enormous power and wealth,not providing any relief to common man just spreading corruption.

Because of corruption in the Catholic Church, some people felt that there was a need to change the way it worked. With Martin Luther's posting of the 95 theses at Wittenberg in the year, 1517  the Protestant Reformation started. 

The Reformation was initiated by Martin Luther who was a German priest. He was also a professor of theology. He was known for carrying out the Protestant movement which was against atrocities carried out by catholic heads under the name of Church.

In 1517, Martin Luther wrote 95 theses criticising Roman Catholic Church. The 95 Theses is a proposition for debate concerned with the questioning of indulgences. Indulgences were pardon certificates granted by the Pope to those who gave money to build the church. 

Statement III and IV are correct.So Option D is right answer.

This statement was made by the religious leader Martin Luther.

Planet Venus which is often visible before sunrise is called Morningstar. Likewise, John Wycliffe, who lived hundred years before Martin Luther was born, is heralded as the Morning Star of the Reformation. Wycliffe made sincere efforts to take the Bible to every hand at a time when translating Bible to a common language was forbidden by Roman Catholic Law. It was a precursor to the upcoming protests which eventually destabilized the entire set up of Roman Catholic Church.

John Wycliffe was a theologian, philosopher, and translator. He had challenged the authority of the church and pope due to which was condemned by the church. He suffered a stroke on Dec 28, 1384, And died three days later on Jan 31, 1384.

Martin Luther rejected the teachings of the Catholic church. In the year 1517, he expressed his opposition against the church for selling the confession letters also known as indulgences. Since Martin Luther protested against the evil practices of the church, the Reformation came to be known as the Protestant Reformation and his followers came to be known as Protestants. 

John Calvin was a French by birth who fled to Switzerland to protest against the papal order. He wrote a book called 'Institutes of Christian Religion.' He founded the Puritan sect. He shared a lot of similarities with Martin Luther. 

The sale of indulgences was started by Pope  Leo X in order to construct the St.Peter's church. He issued pardon certificates to those who gave money to build the church. The people were deceived by him. Pope's interference in the political affairs was naturally resented by the kings. They strongly supported the Reformation Movement in order to weaken the church. John Wycliffe, an English priest laid emphasis on the Bible as the sole guide for salvation. 

Martin Luther was a German philosopher, priest, monk and was considered as ‘Father of Protestantism.  He believed that faith alone was the way to seek salvation. By faith, he meant, faith in the Bible. 

The Ninety-five Theses is a list of questions and propositions for debate written in 1517 by Martin Luther. On October 31, 1517, Luther nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church which marked the beginning of the Protestant revolution.