Historical Dates and Firsts

Wood's Despatch of 1854 is a landmark document that laid the foundation for the modern education system in India. It recommended establishing universities, promoting English medium education, and creating a proper education department.

The Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) transistor was developed at Bell Labs in 1959, with the first working devices produced in 1960. This invention paved the way for integrated circuits and modern microchips. The MOSFET became the fundamental building block of digital electronics.

In this year, Steve Russell and MIT invented the first computer game called Spacewar computer game. Also, in this year, Jawahar Lal Nehru was elected the de-facto Prime Minister of India.

'Rhind Papyrus' was discovered in 1858.

Drs. Helen Taussig (pediatric cardiologist) and Alfred Blalock (surgeon) developed and performed the first 'blue baby' operation in 1944 at Johns Hopkins Hospital. This procedure corrected tetralogy of Fallot, saving infants from cyanotic heart disease.

The Unit Trust of India (UTI) was established in 1964 as India's first mutual fund and financial institution. It played a pioneering role in developing the capital markets and savings culture in India. UTI was created under the UTI Act, 1963 and began operations in 1964.

The Bank of Genoa (Banca di San Giorgio) was established in 1407 in Genoa, Italy. It is considered one of the earliest banks in history and was a powerful financial institution in the medieval period.

Project Tiger was launched on April 1, 1973, to protect the Bengal tiger and its habitat. It was one of India's most successful wildlife conservation programs. Jim Corbett National Park was the first tiger reserve under this project.

The world's first public bus service was inaugurated in Paris, France, in the year 1662. It was established by Blaise Pascal and operated several routes throughout the city for about 15 years. This predates the modern revival of public transit in cities like London or Berlin by over 150 years.

Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force in 1954. While Sir Thomas Elmhirst was the first chief of the IAF in independent India, he was a British officer.

Guglielmo Marconi was awarded the first patent for wireless telegraphy in 1896. While he demonstrated his system in 1895, the official patent and public recognition came in 1896, making this the best answer among the options.

The first programmable biological computer was developed in 2001 by scientists at the Weizmann Institute of Science. It used DNA molecules as software and enzymes as hardware to perform simple logic operations.

(Tianhe-1A) is the name of World's fastest supercomputer of China announced on 29 Oct 2010.