Historical Dates and Events

Alexander the Great invaded India in 326 BCE, crossing the Indus River and defeating King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes. His invasion opened trade routes between India and the Hellenistic world. 336 BCE marks his accession to the Macedonian throne, while 320 and 308 BCE are not significant dates in his campaign.

Vasco da Gama reached Kappad near Calicut (Kozhikode) on the Malabar Coast in May 1498, marking the first recorded voyage from Europe to India via the Cape of Good Hope route. This opened the sea route for European trade with India.

The Battle of Buxar was fought on October 22-23, 1764, between the British East India Company and the combined forces of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Awadh, and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. The British victory established their supremacy in Bengal. Other key battles to remember: Plassey (1757), Panipat (1761).

Emperor Ashoka was born in 304 BC. He ruled the Mauryan Empire from 268-232 BC, converting to Buddhism after the Kalinga War (261 BC). The other dates are incorrect - 289 BC is too late for his birth.

Correct option is (4).

Correct option is (2).

This is the correct answer as the ryots or the peasants revolted against the moneylenders in May 1875.

Correct answer is (3). 

Correct Answer: 2500 to 1750 BC

The Treaty of Purandhar was signed in 1665 between Shivaji Maharaj and the Mughal representative Raja Jai Singh. This treaty required Shivaji to surrender 23 forts and pay tribute to the Mughals in exchange for recognition of his authority over remaining territories.

Shivaji was crowned as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort in a elaborate coronation ceremony. This coronation marked the formal establishment of the Maratha Empire and Shivaji's declaration as an independent sovereign ruler, challenging Mughal authority. The year 1674 is well-documented in historical records as the coronation year.

The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought from 1803 to 1805 between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire. This war resulted in decisive British victories at Assaye, Laswari, and Argaon, leading to the annexation of large Maratha territories. The First Anglo-Maratha War was 1775-1782, and the Third was 1817-1818.

Shivaji was born in 1627 AD at Shivner Fort near Junnar in Pune district. This is the historically accepted birth year based on contemporary records and accounts. The year 1640 AD would make him too young to have achieved his documented conquests by the 1650s, and 1776 AD is clearly incorrect as it's after his death.

The Vedic period in India prevailed approximately from 1500 BC to 500 BC.