Gravitation and Orbital Mechanics

Each planet tends to be roughly twice as far from the sun as its next Sunward neighbour. This is called Bode's Law. The Titius-Bode law is a hypothesis that the bodies in some orbital systems, including the Sun's orbit at semi-major axes in a function of planetary sequence. The hypothesis correctly predicted the orbits of Ceres and Uranus, but failed as a predictor of Neptune's orbit.

Option (2) is the correct answer.

A geostationary orbit is at approximately 35,786 kilometers above Earth's equator, which rounds to about 36,000 km. At this altitude, a satellite orbits at the same rate as Earth's rotation, appearing stationary from the ground.

Johannes Kepler published his first two laws of planetary motion in 1609 in 'Astronomia Nova' and the third law in 1619 in 'Harmonices Mundi'. These laws described how planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths rather than perfect circles.

This is the correct option. Gravitational force between the Sun and the Earth holds the Earth in its orbit around the Sun.

LEO satellites typically have polar orbits to maximize global coverage as Earth rotates beneath them. Equatorial orbits are for geostationary satellites, while inclined orbits provide limited coverage.

A geostationary satellite must have the same rotational period as Earth (24 hours) to appear stationary from the ground. It orbits at approximately 35,786 km above the equator in a geosynchronous orbit, matching Earth's sidereal rotation period.

A year is defined as the time it takes for Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun, which is approximately 365.25 days. This orbital period is the basis for our calendar system and measurement of time. Earth's rotation on its axis determines day length, not year length.

According to Kepler's third law, the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the Sun. Revolution refers to a planet's complete orbit around the Sun, which takes longer for planets farther away.

In orbit, objects experience weightlessness due to continuous free-fall, but mass is an intrinsic property that remains constant regardless of location or motion.

A satellite in circular orbit is maintained by Earth's gravitational force, which provides the centripetal force needed to keep the satellite moving in a curved path around the planet.

Uranus takes approximately 84 Earth years to complete one orbit around the sun. This is because it is the seventh planet from the sun at an average distance of about 2.87 billion kilometers. Its long orbital period means each season on Uranus lasts over 20 Earth years.

Geostationary satellites are those which rotate around the Earth at such a speed so that their relative positions with respect to a fixed station on theEarth do not change.