Geography · General Awareness

Geology and Earth Structure

1,268 Questions

Geology and Earth Structure explores the physical composition of the planet, including its layers, tectonic plates, and seismic activity. This topic is a core component of geography and general science sections in various competitive exams. Reviewing these concepts builds a solid foundation for answering questions related to natural phenomena.

Layers of the EarthTectonic PlatesEarthquakes and VolcanoesGeomagnetism ApplicationsGeophysical MethodsLandform Formation

Geology and Earth Structure Questions

Multiple choice

In older days, the presence of oil used to be predicted on the ground of personal experience rather than scientific evidence.

Directions: A passage is given below which is followed by some probable inferences based upon the data in the passage. You have to examine this passage carefully and thoroughly and then decide the validity of each of the inferences and give the answer.

Seismology has revolutionized in the field of exploration. Formerly, any explosion was conducted on earth surface for creating shock waves and with the reflection of these waves one could get valuable information about the earth’s interior. It was not easy to analyze seismic data because to get the complete information. It is necessary to perceive comprehensively the various data. Technology has also revolutionized sequentially in the field of exploration and transformed it into a practical science than art. Today, it is easy to get 3D images while in past it was not quite easy to combine even 2D images. Nevertheless these are important verified stake but there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate them regarding the availability of oil and gas inside earth’s interior.

  1. If the inference is 'Definitely True' means that it follows properly with the given data.

  2. If the inference is 'Probably True' means that it is not definitely with the context of given data.

  3. If the 'Data are Inadequate' means that you can determine whether the inference is likely to be true or false in the light of given passage.

  4. If the inference is 'Probably False' means that it is not definitely false with the context of given data.

  5. If the inference is 'Definitely False' means that it does not follow with the given data or it is completely irrelevant in context of given data.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The statement 'In older days, the presence of oil used to be predicted on the ground of personal experience rather than scientific evidence' is NOT mentioned anywhere in the passage. The passage discusses modern seismology and 3D imaging but never contrasts it with older prediction methods. Since the passage provides no information about historical prediction methods, the data are inadequate to evaluate this inference.

Multiple choice

Only 3D seismic images are not sufficient to find out the availability of natural resources in earth's interior.

Directions: A passage is given below which is followed by some probable inferences based upon the data in the passage. You have to examine this passage carefully and thoroughly and then decide the validity of each of the inferences and give the answer.

Seismology has revolutionized in the field of exploration. Formerly, any explosion was conducted on earth surface for creating shock waves and with the reflection of these waves one could get valuable information about the earth’s interior. It was not easy to analyze seismic data because to get the complete information. It is necessary to perceive comprehensively the various data. Technology has also revolutionized sequentially in the field of exploration and transformed it into a practical science than art. Today, it is easy to get 3D images while in past it was not quite easy to combine even 2D images. Nevertheless these are important verified stake but there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate them regarding the availability of oil and gas inside earth’s interior.

  1. If the inference is 'Definitely True' means that it follows properly with the given data.

  2. If the inference is 'Probably True' means that it is not definitely with the context of given data.

  3. If the 'Data are Inadequate' means that you can determine whether the inference is likely to be true or false in the light of given passage.

  4. If the inference is 'Probably False' means that it is not definitely false with the context of given data

  5. If the inference is 'Definitely False' means that it does not follow with the given data or it is completely irrelevant in context of given data.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states that 3D images are 'important verified stake but there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate them regarding the availability of oil and gas.' This clearly indicates that while 3D seismic images are valuable, they alone are not sufficient - other resources are also needed. This directly supports the inference as 'Definitely True'.

Multiple choice

Only seismic data can help us for locating the oil and gas inside earth's interior.

Directions: A passage is given below which is followed by some probable inferences based upon the data in the passage. You have to examine this passage carefully and thoroughly and then decide the validity of each of the inferences and give the answer.

Seismology has revolutionized in the field of exploration. Formerly, any explosion was conducted on earth surface for creating shock waves and with the reflection of these waves one could get valuable information about the earth’s interior. It was not easy to analyze seismic data because to get the complete information. It is necessary to perceive comprehensively the various data. Technology has also revolutionized sequentially in the field of exploration and transformed it into a practical science than art. Today, it is easy to get 3D images while in past it was not quite easy to combine even 2D images. Nevertheless these are important verified stake but there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate them regarding the availability of oil and gas inside earth’s interior.

  1. If the inference is 'Definitely True' means that it follows properly with the given data.

  2. If the inference is 'Probably True' means that it is not definitely with the context of given data.

  3. If the 'Data are Inadequate' means that you can determine whether the inference is likely to be true or false in the light of given passage.

  4. If the inference is 'Probably False' means that it is not definitely false with the context of given data.

  5. If the inference is 'Definitely False' means that it does not follow with the given data or it is completely irrelevant in context of given data.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice

Presently, the scientists engaged in oil and gas exploration can predict fairly the presence of oil and gas inside earth's interior.

Directions: A passage is given below which is followed by some probable inferences based upon the data in the passage. You have to examine this passage carefully and thoroughly and then decide the validity of each of the inferences and give the answer.

Seismology has revolutionized in the field of exploration. Formerly, any explosion was conducted on earth surface for creating shock waves and with the reflection of these waves one could get valuable information about the earth’s interior. It was not easy to analyze seismic data because to get the complete information. It is necessary to perceive comprehensively the various data. Technology has also revolutionized sequentially in the field of exploration and transformed it into a practical science than art. Today, it is easy to get 3D images while in past it was not quite easy to combine even 2D images. Nevertheless these are important verified stake but there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate them regarding the availability of oil and gas inside earth’s interior.

  1. If the inference is 'Definitely True' means that it follows properly with the given data.

  2. If the inference is 'Probably True' means that it is not definitely with the context of given data.

  3. If the 'Data are Inadequate' means that you can determine whether the inference is likely to be true or false in the light of given passage.

  4. If the inference is 'Probably False' means that it is not definitely false with the context of given data.

  5. If the inference is 'Definitely False' means that it does not follow with the given data or it is completely irrelevant in context of given data.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states that seismology has 'revolutionized' exploration, making it 'easy to get 3D images' compared to the past, and that 'there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate' oil and gas availability. The revolution in technology and multiple verification resources support the ability to predict presence fairly well.

Multiple choice

The progress of science has adversely affected the easily perceived oil and gas exploration to some extent.

Directions: A passage is given below which is followed by some probable inferences based upon the data in the passage. You have to examine this passage carefully and thoroughly and then decide the validity of each of the inferences and give the answer.

Seismology has revolutionized in the field of exploration. Formerly, any explosion was conducted on earth surface for creating shock waves and with the reflection of these waves one could get valuable information about the earth’s interior. It was not easy to analyze seismic data because to get the complete information. It is necessary to perceive comprehensively the various data. Technology has also revolutionized sequentially in the field of exploration and transformed it into a practical science than art. Today, it is easy to get 3D images while in past it was not quite easy to combine even 2D images. Nevertheless these are important verified stake but there are some other resources which help the Geologists to indicate them regarding the availability of oil and gas inside earth’s interior.

  1. If the inference is 'Definitely True' means that it follows properly with the given data.

  2. If the inference is 'Probably True' means that it is not definitely with the context of given data.

  3. If the 'Data are Inadequate' means that you can determine whether the inference is likely to be true or false in the light of given passage.

  4. If the inference is 'Probably False' means that it is not definitely false with the context of given data.

  5. If the inference is 'Definitely False' means that it does not follow with the given data or it is completely irrelevant in context of given data.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

The passage describes how technology has 'revolutionized' exploration, making it easier to get 3D images and transforming it 'into a practical science than art.' This indicates progress has helped, not adversely affected, exploration. The inference is contradicted by the text.

Multiple choice

The damage due to earthquake depends upon the distance of ______ of the earthquake from the location.

  1. epifocus

  2. epicentre

  3. seismic point

  4. zero point
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Earthquake damage intensity depends on the distance from the epicentre, which is the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's origin. The closer a location is to the epicentre, the stronger the shaking and potential damage. Terms like 'epifocus,' 'seismic point,' and 'zero point' are not standard terminology in seismology.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct?

  1. Scientists world over are working on two major projects, such as “Deep Ocean Drilling Project” and “Integrated Ocean Drilling Project”.

  2. The deepest drill at Kola, in Arctic Ocean has so far reached a depth of 12 km.

  3. It is difficult to ascertain the depth of the source of magma from the volcanic eruptions.

  4. Both 1 and 3

  5. Both 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer, as all these statements are correct.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is correct about Lithosphere?

  1. The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle is called lithosphere.

  2. The thickness of the lithosphere ranges upto 400 km.

  3. The upper portion of the mantle is called lithosphere.

  4. Both 1 and 2

  5. Both 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is correct about the lithosphere.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is incorrect?

  1. The study of seismic waves provides a complete picture of the layered interior.

  2. An earthquake is caused due to release of energy, which generates waves that travel in all directions.

  3. The release of energy is due to a fault that is a sharp break in the crustal rocks.

  4. Rocks along a fault tend to move towards each other due to magnetic forces.

  5. The energy waves during an earthquake travel in all directions.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This statement is incorrect. Rocks along a fault tend to move in opposite directions. Hence, this is the correct answer.

Multiple choice

The direction of vibrations of S-waves

  1. is perpendicular to the wave direction in the vertical plane

  2. is parallel to the direction of the wave

  3. changes as they travel through materials with different densities

  4. causes a larger shadow zone that is a little over 40 per cent of the earth surface

  5. interacts with the surface rocks and generates a new set of waves called body waves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer. The direction of vibrations of S-waves is perpendicular to the wave direction in the vertical plane. Hence, they create troughs and crests in the material through which they pass.