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 Only the first option fits correctly with failure. Option b would require 'heading toward'. Option C would be correct with 'predicted to fail' and option D would fit with 'fail'. 

The phrasal verb fend off means to defend oneself against an attack or to push away something unwanted, such as awkward questions. Fend at and fend out are not standard English phrasal verbs in this context.

Preponderance refers to the quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance, which fits the legal and evidentiary context of the preponderance of evidence being on the side of the plaintiff.

A hallmark is a distinctive feature, especially one of excellence. It is the most appropriate word to describe a defining characteristic of a fine craftsman.

The phrasal verb 'keep off' means to prevent something from touching or entering a surface. In this context, the roof keeps the rain and sun away from the interior.

The phrasal verb 'lay down' is used in the context of sacrificing one's life for a cause. 'Laid off' refers to job termination.

The phrasal verb 'give up' means to stop doing a habit or activity. 'Give in' means to surrender.

The phrasal verb 'go into' means to investigate or examine a matter in detail. 'Go after' means to pursue.

The phrasal verb 'went off' is commonly used to describe a gun firing or exploding. Other options do not fit the context of a firearm.

To 'call on' someone means to visit them. 'Call in' usually implies asking for help or visiting briefly, but 'call on' is the standard idiom for visiting a person.

To 'carry off' can mean to cause death, especially in the context of diseases like malaria. The other options do not convey this meaning.

To 'get off' in this context means to escape punishment or receive a light sentence. It fits the scenario of someone committing a crime and avoiding consequences.

To 'call forth' means to evoke or elicit a response or quality. Adversity brings out or evokes the best qualities in a person.

To 'fall upon' means to attack someone suddenly or violently. This is the correct phrasal verb to describe an angry mob's action toward policemen.

To 'fall through' means to fail or not come to fruition, which is appropriate for a project lacking funding. 'Fell flat' usually refers to a joke or performance failing to get a reaction.