Fill in the Blanks

The context describes settlements 'thrown together in a hurry,' which means they were built quickly and not sturdily. 'Rickety' means weak, shaky, or likely to collapse - perfect for describing hastily built structures.

Physicians need methods or approaches ('ways') to help paralyzed patients move. These methods would bypass the nerves that are 'damaged' - no longer functional - which previously controlled muscle movement.

Sophistry means the use of clever but false arguments, especially with the intention of deceiving. This fits perfectly with a village headman who could see through a businessman's false proposition. 'Turned down' is the correct phrasal verb meaning to reject an offer or proposal. The businessman's deceptive (sophistry) proposition was recognized and subsequently rejected (turned down) by the wise headman.

Slander and libel laws protect reputation from false statements. 'Irresponsible' means not showing proper care or consequences, which perfectly describes the harmful spread of falsehoods that damages someone's reputation. The other options don't fit: inferential means based on inference, inevitable means unavoidable, incontestable means undeniable, and responsible is the opposite of what's needed.

Whom is the objective case pronoun used as the object of a verb or preposition. In 'Whom do you wish to see?', 'whom' functions as the object of the verb 'see' - you are seeing someone. Who would be incorrect here because who is nominative (subject case), not objective.

Whom is the objective case pronoun. In 'Whom do you wish to visit today?', whom serves as the object of the verb 'visit' - someone is being visited. Who is incorrect because it's the nominative (subject) form, but the person is receiving the action of visiting, not performing it.

Who is the correct choice because it functions as the subject of the embedded clause 'who is best qualified.' The full structure is 'You do believe [who] is best qualified' - in this clause, who is the subject of the verb 'is.' Many people mistakenly use whom in such constructions, but the pronoun case is determined by its role within its own clause, not the main sentence.

Whom is correct because it functions as the object of the preposition 'to.' In 'speak to whom,' the pronoun receives the action of being spoken to. Who would be incorrect because it's the subject form, but here we need the object form after the preposition.

To whom this may concern is a standard formal salutation. Whom is required because it follows the preposition 'to,' making it the object of the preposition. The phrase is conventional in formal correspondence when the recipient is unknown. Who would be grammatically incorrect after a preposition.

Whoever is correct because it functions as the subject of the verb 'is waiting.' The pronoun introduces the clause 'whoever is waiting for the general,' and within that clause, whoever must be the subject. Whomever would be incorrect because it's the object form, not the subject form.

The blank is the object of 'have chosen' in the relative clause. You choose someone (whom), and the entire clause 'Whom you have chosen for this task' functions as the subject of the sentence.

The blank is the object of the verb 'hold' in the structure 'hold [someone] responsible'. Whom is used as the object of a verb or preposition.

The blank is the subject of 'is to be considered responsible' within the relative clause. The structure is essentially 'who [that] the country will decide is to be considered responsible'. Who acts as the subject of 'is'.

The blank is the subject of the verb 'robbed'. The phrase 'I believe' is a parenthetical clause that can be removed to see the structure more clearly: 'He is the man ________ robbed the first national bank.'

This is a cleft sentence structure 'Was it _______'. In formal grammar, the subject complement after 'was' uses the subject case: 'It was he'. The same applies in the question form.