Evolution and Biological Adaptation

Darwin notes that there is greater variation observed in domesticated species than would be seen in the wild. Darwin admits that the laws governing inheritance are not yet fully understood, why some traits might skip generations while others only appear in one sex or the other. He reviews a number of domesticated species, in particular various breeds of dogs where it remains unclear if they derive from a single parent species or several. After the different types of animals he has focused his study on domestic pigeons. So, the correct answer is "Breeding domesticated animals".

• The term Darwin's finches was given to Galapagos finches because, On his visit to the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin discovered several species of finches that varied from island to island, which helped him to develop his theory of natural selection.
• Darwin's finches comprise a group of 15 species endemic to the Galápagos (14 species) and Cocos (1 species) Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
• Hence Darwin's finches occur in Galapagos islands.
• So, the correct answer is 'Galapagos islands'.

Thomas Malthus' work helped inspire Darwin to refine the natural selection by stating a reason for meaningful competition between members of the same species. Not surprisingly, Malthus, an ordained minister, believed that hunger and disease were aspects of life implemented by God to stop populations from exploding. Malthus was an influence through his book 'Essay on Population'

So, the correct answer is 'Origin of Species'

The main concept of Darwin's theory was natural selection. Other main points were High rate of reproduction, Total number almost constant, Struggle for existence, Variations, Survival of the fittest. It didn't had genetic drift. Hence, option C is correct.

In 1868, Darwin put forward the Theory of Pangenesis. According to this theory, every organ of the body produces minute hereditary particles, called gemmules or Pangenes, and they can be carried through the blood into the gametes. It laid emphasis on some basis of inheritance. Hence, Option A is correct. 

The main features of Darwin's theory of Natural Selection are as follows - 

The inheritance of acquired characters is the core of Lamarckism, not Darwinism. Darwin focused on natural selection acting on existing variations.

One of the major drawbacks of Darwin's theory is the absence of knowledge on inheritance. The genetic basis of evolution, cause of variations was not included in Darwin's 'Origin of Species'. It was only after the discovery of genes and traits by Mendel, genetics could be associated with evolution.

The small black birds found on Galapagos islands, which later came to be known as Darwin's finches were originally adapted with seed-eating features. From these many other forms evolved with altered beaks depending on the food habit. This enabled them to become insectivorous and vegetarian finches.

Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands illustrate adaptive radiation and geographic speciation, which fall under the study of biogeography, the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution states that groups of organisms will undergo genetic changes over time due to the process of natural selection. If enough changes occur, this can create new species from the pre-existing ones. Variations in a species' genetics that lead to evolution often come from mutations.

According to Darwin the evolution occurs due to adaptation of the species to the environmental conditions , these adaptations are then carried out to the next generation by reproduction thus the species survive and evolve 

The Charles Darwin's theory is based on the survival of the fittest , the species who readily adapt to the changes in the environment for its existence tend to live. The species fitting to the natural selection only survive