Spotting Errors

Either is used where it means one or the other, i.e. between two. Hence, either is not needed.

The error is in part (C) "a little of it." The sentence is explaining that firefly light production is very efficient, so very little energy is converted to heat. The correct phrase should be "little of it" (without 'a') to emphasize the small amount. "A little" means some small amount (positive implication), while "little" means hardly any (negative implication). In this context, we want to emphasize how minimal the heat conversion is, so "little" is the appropriate choice.

The error is in part (C) "great." The word "great" is an adjective, but it's being used to modify the verb "change." Adjectives cannot modify verbs - we need an adverb for this purpose. The correct word should be "greatly." The sentence should read "Weather is the transitory expression of climate that can change greatly from day to day or season to season."

The error is in part (C) "colours." In American English, "colours" is typically spelled "colors" (without the 'u'). While British English uses "colours," standard standardized testing in India typically follows American English conventions for spelling. The sentence should read "varying in colors from greenish grey to sky blue." This is a straightforward spelling error based on standard English conventions used in most academic and testing contexts.

The error is in part (C) "humourous." This word is incorrectly formed. The adjective form of "humour" is "humorous" (with only one 'o' after the 'u'). The word "humourous" doesn't exist in standard English - it's a common misspelling. The correct sentence should read "Farce is a dramatic form that derives much of its humorous from improbable characters and situations." This is a spelling/word formation error.

The error is in part (C) "intently." This word is being used incorrectly in context. "Intently" means with concentrated attention or focus, which doesn't make sense here. Food manufacturers don't add chemicals "with focused attention" - they add them deliberately or intentionally. The correct word should be "intentionally" (done on purpose) or "deliberately." The sentence should read "A food additive is any chemical that food manufacturers intentionally add to their products."

After 'resistant to', the adjective form must be used. 'Resisting' is a present participle, but 'resistant' is the correct adjective to modify the noun 'specimens'. The phrase should be 'specimens that are resistant to disease'.

The phrase human body requires a definite article. It should read, the chemistry of the human body. Thus, part B contains the grammatical error.

The past perfect tense 'had opened' is incorrect here. The discovery and its effect (opening possibilities) happened in the same time period (19th century), so simple past 'opened' should be used instead of past perfect.

This is a complex conditional sentence structure that is grammatically correct. 'If you knew' (second conditional) sets up a hypothetical past situation, 'why were you not quick' questions past inaction, 'when he was criticizing' describes simultaneous past action, and 'something I did not do' correctly uses emphatic 'did' in past tense.

When modifying the verb 'act', we need an adverb, not an adjective. 'Rude' is an adjective, while 'rudely' is the correct adverb form. Options A and B incorrectly use 'rude' as an adjective. Option C uses 'ruder' which is comparative but still an adjective. Option D changes the verb to 'be' which alters the meaning. Option E correctly uses 'rudely' to modify 'act'.

'Recent' is an adjective, but we need an adverb 'recently' to modify the participle 'formulated'. Options A and B incorrectly use the adjective 'recent'. Options C and E either change the word order or use passive voice incorrectly. Option D correctly places 'recently' before 'formulated' and keeps 'hardly done anything' in the correct position to maintain the intended meaning that the new law has accomplished very little.

'For certain' is an awkward and less precise phrase than 'certainly'. Since we're comparing the nuclear energy question against multiple other decisions, we need the superlative form 'the most perplexing', not the comparative 'more perplexing'. Option D uses 'certainly' (the standard adverb) with 'the most perplexing' (the correct superlative). Options A, B, and C use either wrong comparative forms or awkward phrases like 'for sure'.

'British Empire' is a singular noun phrase referring to a specific entity, so it requires the definite article 'the'. Options A, B, and D omit 'the'. Option C includes 'the' but unnecessarily keeps 'its' before 'two administrative units'. Option E correctly uses 'the British Empire' and removes the redundant 'its', making the construction grammatically complete and precise.

'Geological settings' is plural, so the relative pronoun phrase should use 'are', not 'is'. Also, 'most' is correct because we're referring to the majority of settings. Options A, C, and E incorrectly use 'is' with the plural 'most of which/much of which'. Option B uses singular 'much of which is' which doesn't agree with the plural antecedent. Option D correctly uses 'many of which are' to maintain subject-verb agreement with the plural 'settings'.