Environmental Studies

The definition describes 'ex-situ conservation' - conservation of ecosystems and habitats outside their natural locations, like zoos, botanical gardens, and seed banks. In-situ conservation (option B) means protecting species within their natural habitats (like national parks). The description matches ex-situ.

A carbon footprint measures the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions caused directly or indirectly by an activity, organization, or individual, primarily through fossil fuel combustion. It is not about physical size, tree absorption, or fossil imprints. The term refers to the environmental impact measured in CO2 equivalent emissions.

The TCS Bhubaneswar building was constructed using LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards for the first time. This green building certification focuses on sustainability, energy efficiency, and environmental impact reduction in construction.

India's per capita ecological footprint is approximately 0.8 hectares per person according to the Global Footprint Network. This measures the biologically productive land and water required to produce all resources consumed and absorb waste generated. This is below the global average, reflecting India's lower per capita consumption.

Ecocentrism is a term used in ecological political philosophy to denote a nature-centered, as opposed to human-centered, system of values.

Carbon diet refers to reducing the impact on climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (principally CO₂) production.

The speed with which an ecosystem returns to its initial state after disturbance is called its resilience.

(2) Meeting of the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is called sustainable development.

This is the correct option. Reduce means less usage of natural resources should be done by cutting down on practices that lead to wastage. Recycling means the discarded items should be sent to respective industries for making fresh objects. Reuse means that if possible, one should use the same things again.

Deforestation is the permanent removal or destruction of forest cover, often for agriculture, urbanization or resource extraction. It leads to loss of biodiversity, climate change and soil erosion, making it a major environmental concern. Afforestation is the opposite process of planting trees.

Restoration and renewal of damaged or lost part of the body is called regeneration.

Restoration of destroyed forests by planting new trees is known as afforestation.

Deforestation is harmful for nature.

Cutting of trees or clearing of forests to use the land for other purposes is known as deforestation.