Environmental Studies · Biology

Ecology and Biodiversity

1,739 Questions

Ecology and biodiversity are vital topics in environmental studies, covering ecosystem structures, species diversity, and environmental impacts. These concepts are frequently tested in competitive examinations for civil services and state selections. The questions cover carrying capacity, ecological succession, and conservation fundamentals.

Species richness measurementTypes of ecological diversityBiome distribution factorsCarrying capacity conceptEcosystem servicesEnvironmental Impact Assessment

Ecology and Biodiversity Questions

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

The way in which carbon is reused through the ecosystem is known as

  1. Energy recycling

  2. The energy pyramid

  3. The biotic/abiotic cycle

  4. The carbon cycle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The carbon cycle is the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.
  • Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many minerals such as limestone.
So, the correct answer is 'The carbon cycle'.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

An easily disturbed ecosystem which can recover after sometime after the stoppage of damaging factor, is of

  1. Low stability and high resilience

  2. High stability and high resilience

  3. Low stability and low resilience

  4. High stability and low resilience
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option A i.e. "Low stability and high resilience"
Stability is the power of a system to be in their state against unfavorable factor. Resilience is the capability of regaining its original shape or position after being deformed. An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can recover after sometime when it 's damaging effect stops will be having low stability and high resilience. Hence, it has low stability and high resilience.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

The productive area required to produce all the resources for humanity to consume and to absorb all its waste is known as 

  1. A habitat

  2. An ecosystem

  3. An ecological footprint

  4. The biosphere

  5. The carrying capacity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. A habitat is a place where an organism lives and represents a particular set of environmental conditions suitable for its successful growth.
B. An ecosystem is a whole biotic community in a given area including its abiotic environment.
C. An ecological footprint is the measurement of any productive area (land or water) that is used by the human beings to produce the resources consumed by them and absorb the waste generated.
D. The planet Earth along with its atmosphere that sustains life is called biosphere.
E. Carrying capacity is the maximum size of the population that an environment can sustain.
So, the correct answer is 'An ecological footprint'.
Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Which of the following describes the ecosystem services?

  1. Carbon fixation

  2. Pollination

  3. Perennial water

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ecosystem services encompass a wide range of benefits provided by nature, including carbon fixation (climate regulation), pollination (supporting food production), and water purification/retention.

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

A functional aspect of an ecosystem is

  1. Producers, consumers and abiotic environment

  2. Regulation of populations

  3. Light, temperature, oxygen and carbon dioxide

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The functional aspects of an ecosystem include the regulation of populations, flow of energy, biogeochemical cycles, and the flow of nutrients. It also includes ecological succession, food chain, ecological pyramid, food web. Populations are regulated in an ecosystem through these food chains.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Regulation of populations.'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

An ecosystem does not normally alter because it is in a state of

  1. Homeostasis

  2. Imbalance

  3. Deficient light

  4. Deficient components
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ecosystem is made up of living and nonliving things. Living things include plants and animals. Nonliving things includes air, water, land.  It is composed of organisms interacting within communities. The importance of ecosystem lies in both cycling of minerals and flow of energy. It does not alter normally because it is in a state of homeostasis. There is always balance of organisms in an ecosystem within themselves and with changing environment.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Homeostasis.'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Ecosystem creates

  1. Food chains and food web

  2. Food web

  3. Habitats

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An ecosystem is made up of living and nonliving things. Living things include plants, animals. Nonliving things include air, water. It creates food chains and food web. A food chain is series of plants/animals which are interrelated in the form of organism being eaten as food by the other. plants are producers. The animals eating plants are called as primary consumers and animals eating primary consumers are called as secondary consumers. Decomposers are those which decomposes the waster organic matter. Food web is various interlinked food chains in a community.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Food chains and food web.'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Importance of ecosystem lies in

  1. Cycling opmaterials

  2. Flow of energy

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ecosystem is made up of living and nonliving things. Living things include plants and animals. Nonliving things includes air, water, land.  It is composed of organisms interacting within communities. The importance of ecosystem lies in both cycling of minerals and flow of energy. It contributes to the cycling of minerals and flow of energy.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Both A and B.'

Multiple choice botany ecological adaptations, succession and ecological services ecosystem services ecosystems ecosystem

Which one is included under ecosystem services?

  1. Protection of soil

  2. Conservation and purification of water

  3. Climate control

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The benefits which we obtain from the regulation of ecosystem processes such as climate regulation, natural hazard regulation, water purification, and waste management, pollination or pest control are known as Ecosystem services. Agroecosystems, forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems are included under these ecosystems. These are also known as regulating services. Examples include Climate regulation, Waste treatment, and disease regulation. 

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice biology interdependence in living beings - plants and animals animals as consumers scavengers and decomposers interdependence between plants and animals

The decomposers in an ecosystem

  1. convert inorganic material, to simpler forms

  2. convert organic material to inorganic forms

  3. convert inorganic materials into organic compounds

  4. do not break-down organic compounds
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Decomposers are micro consumers and include certain bacteria and fungi. They are known as saprophytes and release the minerals trapped in organic remains of plants and animals. The process of decomposition occurs outside the body of decomposers. They release enzymes on the organic dead remains which decompose them into simple inorganic substances which are absorbed by decomposers.
So, the correct answer is 'convert organic material to inorganic forms'.
Multiple choice biology interdependence in living beings - plants and animals animals as consumers scavengers and decomposers interdependence between plants and animals

Decomposers of an ecosystem include

  1. Microscopic animals

  2. Bacteria and fungi

  3. Both A and B

  4. Bacteria, fungi and macroscopic animals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An ecosystem is made up of living things and nonliving things. Living things include plants, animals and decomosers. Nonliving things include air, water, land. Plants are producers. They synthesize their own food. Animals are consumers. They are either herbivores or carnivores. Decomposers include bacteria and fungi. They decompose the waster organic matter from animals and plants and release energy back in the environment.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Bacteria and fungi.'