Disease Causative Agents

Leprosy is an infectious disease. It affects the peripheral nerves, skin, upper respiratory tract, eyes, and nasal mucosa. It is caused by a bacillus bacterium known as Mycobacterium leprae. It can be considered as a mild infection because it can be easily cured by the drugs like dapsone. 

Deficiency diseases are the diseases that are caused due to deficiency of vitamin or minerals in the food and is not a communicable disease as it cannot be transferred for person to person by touch or any fluid as it is not caused by any bacteria or virus.

Droplet infection is the infection which is transmitted by the oral discharge during coughing and sneezing. It is a direct method of infection where the pathogens are easily transmitted from the carrier to the healthy host.

Asthma is a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is usually connected to the allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity. Hay fever is the common name for allergic rhinitis. It is an allergic reaction to allergens, or triggers, breathed in through the nose. When one of these allergens is breathed in, there is an immune response in the lining of the nose. This causes the nasal passages to become swollen and inflamed. Asthma and hayfever are closely linked, and approximately 80% of people with asthma also suffer from hayfever.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an acute or chronic infection caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Viral fever is an acute viral infection. The most common viral fever is the seasonal flu. The virus is spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The common cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract which primarily affects the nose. It usually resolves in seven to ten days, with some symptoms lasting up to three weeks. Examples of chronic illnesses are cancer, AIDS, kidney disease and diabetes.

Parkinson is a disease which can stay for a lifetime. Hence, it is a chronic disease. Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

Infectious diseases are disorders caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Sometimes, NCDs result in rapid deaths as seen in certain diseases such as heart diseases, stroke, cancers etc. NCDs are distinguished only by their non-infectious cause, and not necessarily by their duration. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. AIDS which is caused by HIV is an infectious disease.

A contagious disease is a subset of communicable or transmissible diseases, meaning it can spread from person to person through direct or indirect contact.

Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from an infected person or animal to another individual. Chronic diseases are long-lasting conditions, while non-communicable diseases are not spread through contact.

Tetanus (lockjaw) is an acute infectious disease, affecting the nervous system, caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. Infection occurs by contamination of wounds by bacterial spores.

As nose leads to lungs, so microbes that enter the body through nose will affect the lungs.

Through sneezing, the water droplets carrying the microbes enter into the healthy person.

Hepatitis (specifically types A and E) is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, making it safer to visit a patient compared to diseases like Tuberculosis, Measles, or Mumps, which are highly contagious via respiratory droplets.