Biology · Physics

Diagnostic Imaging

984 Questions

Diagnostic imaging involves various techniques used to look inside the human body for diagnosis and treatment. This covers technologies like computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. These questions often appear in general science and general awareness examinations.

Medical imaging technologiesRadiation therapyDiagnostic proceduresNon-destructive testing

Diagnostic Imaging Questions

Multiple choice

Which waves are used in sonography?

  1. Microwaves

  2. Infra-red rays

  3. Sound waves

  4. Ultrasonic waves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Sonography, also known as ultrasound imaging, utilizes high-frequency sound waves that are above the human hearing range (typically above 20,000 Hz). These ultrasonic waves reflect off internal body structures to create detailed images for medical diagnosis. Other waves like microwaves or infra-red rays are electromagnetic and serve different purposes.

Multiple choice

Echogenic focus is a bright spot seen in human organs. In which of the following conditions are five or more echogenic foci per view in either or both testes observed?

  1. Testicular microlithiasis

  2. Epididymal cyst

  3. Appendix testis

  4. Testicular torsion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In testicular microlithiasis, five or more echogenic foci per view in either or both testes are observed. The actual cause of testicular microlithasis is unknown. It may be a reason of tesicular cancer in some individuals.

Multiple choice

Which is the modern technique for imaging brain tumours?

  1. X-Rays

  2. Magnetic Resonance

  3. Electron Spin Resonance

  4. Ultrasound
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the standard and most effective modern technique for visualizing soft tissues, including brain tumors, without using ionizing radiation.

Multiple choice

In a patient on anticoagulant therapy, INR is maintained at

  1. 1.5 to 2.5 times the normal

  2. 2.5 to 3.0 times the normal

  3. 4.5 to 5.0 times the normal

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

For most patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy (like warfarin), the target INR is typically between 2.0 and 3.0. Option A (1.5 to 2.5) is a common lower-range target or historical reference, but 2.0-3.0 is the standard therapeutic range.

Multiple choice

Which of the following techniques is specifically used to visualise blood vessels in bony or dense soft tissues?

  1. Digital subtraction angiography

  2. Peripheral angiography

  3. Magnetic resonance angiography

  4. Microangiography
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Digital subtraction angiography is used to visualise arterial and venous supply to the brain. This is a fluorescence technique to clearly visualise blood vessels in bony or dense soft tissues, like brain.

Multiple choice

Cardiac catheterisation is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart for diagnostic and interventional purposes. Which of the following techniques is used to visualise the path of the catheter as it enters the heart or the coronary arteries?

  1. Cardioscopy

  2. Fluoroscopy

  3. Pneumoscopy

  4. Arthroscopy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Fluoroscopy is a technique to visualise the path of the catheter as it enters the heart or the coronary arteries. The use of fluoroscopy requires radiopaque contrast.

Multiple choice

Angiocardiography is a technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers, thoracic veins and arteries that exploit the radiocontrast agent. Which of the following radiocontrast agents is used in angiocardiography?

  1. Barium

  2. Thorium dioxide

  3. Iodine

  4. CO2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Radiocontrast agents used in angiocardiography contain iodine. Ionic iodine and non-ionic iodine based contrast media are used most commonly due to their solubility and their relatively harmless interaction with the body.

Multiple choice

Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is an alternative way to perform an echocardiogram. Which of the following is false about TEE?

  1. TEE has a very high sensitivity for locating a blood clot inside the left atrium.

  2. TEE is of limited use for the structures at the back of the heart of adults, such as the left atrial appendage.

  3. TEE may require sedation or general anesthesia.

  4. TEE is very useful during many cardiac surgical procedures, like mitral valve repair.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

This is false. TEE gives a clearer image of structures that are difficult to view transthoracically because the heart rests directly upon the esophagus, leaving only millimeters that the ultrasound beam has to travel.

Multiple choice

Ultrasound imaging is useful in diagnosing

  1. brain disorders

  2. gall stones

  3. cirrhosis

  4. all of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ultrasound is a versatile diagnostic tool used to visualize soft tissues and organs, including the brain (in infants), gallstones, and liver conditions like cirrhosis.

Multiple choice

The unit of CT scan image is

  1. pixel

  2. tesla

  3. photons

  4. electrons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A CT scan image is composed of a grid of picture elements, known as pixels. The density of these pixels is measured in Hounsfield units.