Database Management Systems

Transaction is terminated by COMMIT and ROLLBACK.

Hierarchical schema shows the top to bottom relationship.

Transaction manager is responsible for data consistency.

Microsoft Access is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). It allows users to create and manage relational databases with tables, queries, forms, and reports. While it has DBMS capabilities, it specifically implements the relational model and uses SQL as its query language. It's not just a generic DBMS, a programming language, or a 4GL language.

Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server are both enterprise-grade relational database management systems (RDBMS) designed for large-scale data management. They offer similar core functionality including SQL support, transaction management, and robust security features, making them direct competitors in the database market.

At the finest level of granularity, Oracle database data is stored in datablocks.

The entries such as current online redo log file sequence number, timestamp of database creation, etc., are maintained in the control file.

The information in a redo log file is used only to recover the database from a system failure that prevents database data from being written to the data files.

It is used to resolve distributed transactions that are pending due to a system failure in a distributed database.

This memory area is used for operations such as Bitmap create, sorting operations, etc.

This background process writes the redo log entries sequentially into an online redo log.

A tablespace can have many data files associated with it.

This memory component of the SGA is used to hold data blocks read from data files by server processes.

An Oracle instance always opens one and only one database.

Tablespaces commonly group together all application objects to simplify some administrative operations.