Computer Networks

TCP, UDP protocols are used at transport layer.

Interface tells the processes how to access and specifies what parameters are and what results to expect.

All are the correct statements about HTTP protocol.

Remote Initial Program Load (RIPL or RPL) is a protocol for starting a computer and loading its operating system from server via a network. Such a server runs a network operating system such as LAN Manager, LAN Server, Windows NT Server, Novell NetWare, Solaris or Linux.

The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is a computer networking protocol used in Internet Protocol networks to automatically assign an IP address to network devices from a configuration server.

Semantic P2P networks are a new type of P2P network. It combines the advantages of unstructured P2P networks and structural P2P networks and avoids their disadvantages.In semantic P2P networks, nodes are classified as DNS-like domain names with semantic meanings such as Alice @Brittney.popular.music. Semantic P2P networks contains prerequisite virtual tree topology and net-like topology formed by cached nodes.

Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), also known as Automatic Repeat Query, is an error-control method for data transmission that uses acknowledgements (messages sent by the receiver indicating that it has correctly received a data frame or packet) and timeouts (specified periods of time allowed to elapse before an acknowledgment is to be received) to achieve reliable data transmission over an unreliable service. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment before the timeout, it usually re-transmits the frame/packet until the sender receives an acknowledgment or exceeds a predefined number of re-transmissions.ARQ protocols reside in the Data Link or Transport Layers of the OSI model.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.

This security technique essentially intrudes in the middle of this protocol exchange seeming like a destination in communication with the sender that is outside the firewall.

This security technique uses either source or destination address or specific transport protocol type to control access to packets.

In this security mechanism, the data is passed to a reliable transport layer protocol such as TCP.

The Internet Protocol of internet layer of TCP/IP is a routable protocol that addresses route fragments and recollects packets.

This is the flag that asks recursive resolution in DNS message format bit that signals to the name server.

This address space in ARP packet specifies the length of the hardware addresses in the packet.

This value in ICMP header code field specifies that the message is received from an intermediate router and it means that the router did not have the buffer space needed to queue the datagram.