Computer Fundamentals and System Concepts

ELF stands for Executable and Linking Format (or Executable Linking Format), which is a common file format for executable files, object code, and shared libraries in Unix-like operating systems, particularly Linux.

'Chip Jewellery' is a playful term for obsolete computers that contain old electronic components or 'chips' that are now worthless. It's used in technology circles to describe outdated computing equipment.

An android is specifically defined as a robot designed to look and act like a human. This distinguishes androids from general robots that may have any form or function. Option A describes multi-functional robots, Option B describes autonomous decision-making capability, and Option C is irrelevant to the definition.

A virus is malicious code that attaches itself to legitimate programs and replicates when those programs execute. A worm (A) can replicate independently without attaching to other programs. A Trojan horse (B) appears legitimate but doesn't self-replicate. Terminator (C) is not a malware type.

Amkette uses 'When Reliability Matters' as their tagline, particularly for their computer peripherals and storage products. Dell, HCL, and HP are major computer brands with different taglines (Dell: 'The Power to Do More', HP: 'Invent'). This tests brand-tagline association.

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It's firmware stored on a computer motherboard that initializes hardware during booting and provides runtime services for the operating system. It's the first software that runs when you turn on a PC.

Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, an early mechanical calculator in 1642 when he was 19. His calculating machine could perform addition and subtraction. Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, and inventor who made significant contributions to fluid mechanics and probability theory.

Opening email attachments (B) is a common way to get computer viruses, especially malicious attachments. Sending email messages (A) cannot infect your sender, and shopping online (C) on legitimate sites is safe. 'All of the above' (D) is incorrect because A and C are not typical virus vectors.

Electronic systems are typically divided into three main parts: input, signal processor, and output (option B). Input receives information, the processor manipulates it, and output presents the result. Options A, C, and D are incomplete as they omit one of these essential stages.

Analog circuits process continuous signals and are often called linear circuits because they can be modeled using linear differential equations within their normal operating range. Direct and indirect circuits are not standard terminology in electronics. Option C contains a spelling error and is incorrect.

The Intel Pentium FDIV bug (1994) was a hardware flaw in the floating-point unit (FPU) of certain Pentium processors. It caused incorrect division results for certain number combinations, leading to a major recall and reputation damage for Intel.

A scanner is an input device that converts physical documents into digital format. It cannot contract or transmit computer viruses. Viruses are typically spread through infected storage media (floppy disks), email attachments, downloads from the internet, or network connections. Scanners only read input and don't execute programs.

In 'The Eternity Code' (Book 3 of Artemis Fowl), Artemis develops the 'C Cube' (short for 'Cube' and playing on 'see' as in seeing everything) using fairy technology stolen from the Lower Elements. The C Cube is a revolutionary micro-computer that threatens to expose the fairy world. This technological breakthrough drives the plot as both humans and fairies try to control its power.

Ordinateur is the French word for computer. This is basic French vocabulary. Other options - air conditioner, laptop, refrigerator - are incorrect translations of the French term.

Bill Gates began programming at age 13 in 1968 at Lakeside School in Seattle. His first program was a tic-tac-toe game. This early start gave him a significant foundation before co-founding Microsoft at age 19.