Human Circulatory System

A biopsy is a medical procedure where tissue is extracted from a LIVING patient for microscopic examination. Post-mortem tissue examination is called an autopsy. Blood draws (phlebotomy) from veins or arteries are separate diagnostic procedures, not biopsies.

A red blood cell actually takes about 20-60 seconds to complete one full circulation through the body, not one minute. The heart pumps approximately 5 liters of blood per minute, and each red blood cell makes thousands of trips through the circulatory system in its 120-day lifespan. The one-minute estimate is close but not precise enough.

AFMC stands for Armed Forces Medical College, a prestigious medical institution in Pune. The other options are fictional expansions. This college trains medical professionals for the Indian Armed Forces.

The pulmonary artery is unique because it carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. All other arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to body tissues. The coronary artery supplies the heart muscle itself.

Veins are the blood vessels that return blood to the heart from throughout the body. They carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins) back to the heart's right atrium. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, capillaries facilitate exchange, and lymph nodes are part of the immune system.

False - nicotine causes vasoconstriction, not vasodilation. It narrows arteries, reducing blood supply to the heart and increasing cardiac workload. This is why nicotine contributes to cardiovascular disease - it increases oxygen demand while restricting supply through narrowed arteries.

Angiology is the medical specialty that studies the anatomy and diseases of blood vessels and lymphatic system. Hematology focuses on blood and blood-forming organs, Lymphology studies lymph vessels and nodes, while Serology studies blood serum and immune reactions.

Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are produced in the bone marrow through a process called erythropoiesis. In adults, the primary sites are the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and pelvis. The liver, kidneys, and heart are not involved in RBC production, though the kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates RBC production.

Red blood corpuscles (RBCs) are formed in the bone marrow through a process called erythropoiesis. In adults, this primarily occurs in flat bones like the sternum, pelvis, and ribs. The liver produces RBCs during fetal development, while kidneys produce the hormone erythropoiesis-stimulating erythropoietin but not the actual cells.

Stroke (cerebrovascular accident) affects blood supply to the brain, caused by blockage (ischemic stroke) or rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) of blood vessels in the brain. This disrupts oxygen and nutrient delivery to brain tissue. The heart, liver, and lungs are not directly affected by stroke in the same way.

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. This is the only artery in the body that carries deoxygenated blood (all other arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart). In the lungs, blood picks up oxygen and returns to the heart via pulmonary veins. The kidney, liver, and spleen are not connected to the pulmonary circulation.

The human vascular system is incredibly extensive. The total length of blood vessels (including arteries, veins, and especially capillaries) is estimated at around 60,000 miles in an average adult. This includes the vast network of capillaries where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.

Biopsy is a medical procedure where living tissue is removed from the body for microscopic examination to diagnose diseases, particularly cancer. It must be performed on a living body where cellular architecture and metabolic activity are preserved. Post-mortem tissue analysis is called an autopsy, not a biopsy.

The pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood. It transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation (pulmonary circulation). After receiving oxygen in the lungs, the blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins, which are the only veins carrying oxygenated blood. All other arteries carry oxygenated blood, and all other veins carry deoxygenated blood.