Common Chemical Compounds and Reactions

Sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions in a 1:1 ratio. This is its fundamental chemical composition, unlike water (H2O) which contains hydrogen and oxygen. The other options are incorrect because sodium chloride does not contain hydrogen alone, nor is it composed of sodium and hydrogen.

 Na₂S₂O₃  gives Sulphur with the dil HCl .

Manganese(IV)oxide,Potassium permanganate and Potassium dichromate as commonly known as Oxidizing agent because these are the subtances which bring the oxidation.

It is a poisonous cardiac glycoside. It binds and inhibits sodium potassium pump. Ouabain are used to stimulate the heart muscle. They work by binding to the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase and inhibiting its action. The result of this is that Na⁺ leaks back into the cell. When this happens, the cell tries to maintain the osmotic balance pumping the sodium out with the Na⁺/Ca²⁺ pump. This pumps Ca²⁺ into the cell, which triggers muscle contraction.

Arsenic is introduced into water through the dissolution of rocks, minerals and ores, from industrial effluents, including mining wastes, and via atmospheric deposition. Arsenic related illness is usually caused by consumption of contaminated drinking water. Humans can develop resistance to certain arsenic concentrations. Shortly after absorption arsenic can be found in liver, spleen, lungs and digestive tract. Most arsenic is excreted, and residues may be found in skin, hair, nails, legs and teeth. Under conditions of prolonged exposure, many organs may be damaged, skin pigmentation may occur, hair may fall out and nail growth may stop.

This option is correct because when calcium phosphate is heated with concentrated H₂SO₄, it forms a mixture of primary phosphates of calcium and gypsum. Hence, it is called the superphosphate of lime.

In  alkaline earth metal hydroxides, the anion being common, the cationic radius will influence the lattice enthalpy. 

During saponification, glycerol is released as a byproduct when fats or oils react with alkali. Caustic soda and caustic potash are reactants consumed in the process, not byproducts. Naphthalene is unrelated to soap manufacturing.

Alum (aluminum sulfate) is used as a coagulant in water treatment - it neutralizes charges on suspended particles, causing them to clump together and settle out. Common salt does not cause coagulation, while bleaching powder is for disinfection.

Silver bromide (AgBr) is the light-sensitive compound used in photographic film and paper due to its photochemical properties - it darkens when exposed to light. Silver chloride is also light-sensitive but less commonly used in film. Silver sulphate and silver nitrate are not used in photographic emulsions.

KH₂PO₄ is present only in MS basal medium.

This is the correct option. Hydrochloric acid solution is the strongest electrolyte as it contains a lot of positively and negatively charged ions in it to carry electricity.

This is the correct option as white phosphorus is poisonous and is no longer used in making the tips of matchsticks these days.

A soap molecule has two ends. One end is hydrophilic and the other end is hydrophobic.

This is the correct option.