Cellular Respiration and Enzymes

Adenosine triphosphate, (ATP), is an energy-carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things.

This process involves the breakdown of triglycerides, carbohydrates and proteins.

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration in animal cells, occurring in the cytoplasm. It breaks down one glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules. This anaerobic process precedes the Krebs cycle and electron transport system.

Anaerobic respiration (glycolysis) yields a net gain of only 2 ATP per glucose molecule. This occurs in the cytoplasm when oxygen is absent. Aerobic respiration produces 36-38 ATP through complete glucose oxidation in mitochondria. The options of 3, 10, or 38 ATP do not match the known yield of anaerobic glycolysis.

Carbon dioxide and the ethyl alcohol are the end products in anaerobic respiration which occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Oxaloacetic acid and acetyl coenzyme A forms 6 C citrate molecule.

It is a catabolic process as in this, complex organic molecules are broken down into simple ones releasing large amounts of energy.

It is the first step in the respiration process, from here the process depends upon the presence or absence of oxygen.

NAD is nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide derivative of vitamin niacin acts as a universal hydrogen acceptor and forms NADH.

This occurs in mitochondria whereas ATP is produced during aerobic metabolism.

Acetyl coA enters the krebs cycle and reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate.

Oxaloacetate will be the first stable product. Oxaloacetate will be the first stable product.

Pyruvate acts as metabolic precursor to alanine, valine and leucine.

Aerobic respiration is the complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide, water, and approximately 38 ATP molecules. It occurs in mitochondria after glycolysis and includes the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration (B) occurs without oxygen and yields far less energy (2 ATP). Glycolysis (C) is only the first step breaking glucose into pyruvate. Hydrolysis (D) is a general chemical process using water to break bonds, not specific to energy production.

Oleic acid is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is emitted by the decaying corpses of a number of insects, including bees and Pogonomyrmex ants. Its RQ value is 0.71. Oxalic acid is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to give colorless solutions. Its RQ value is 4.