Biology

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes

1,348 Questions

Explore a curated list of questions covering the cell cycle, mitosis, and meiosis. Topics include DNA replication, chromosomal structures, and genetic disorders. This material is essential for students preparing for biology and general science competitive exams.

Cell cycle eventsDNA replicationMeiosis processChromosomal structuresGenetic disorders

Cell Cycle and Chromosomes Questions

Multiple choice

Down syndrome is a chromosomal condition that is associated with intellectual disability, a characteristic facial appearance, and weak muscle tone. The structural abnormalities of chromosomes associated with Patau syndrome and Down syndrome is/are

  1. inversions

  2. Isochromosome

  3. Robertsonian translocation

  4. duplications

  5. Deletions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A Robertsonian translocation in balanced form results in no excess or deficit of genetic material and causes no health difficulties.

Multiple choice

A recombination in the formation of the male gametes ends in which type of genetic disorder?

  1. 45, X Turner syndrome

  2. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis

  3. XX male syndrome

  4. 47, XYY

  5. 47, XXY
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

XX male syndrome occurs when there has been a recombination in the formation of the male gametes, causing the SRY-portion of the Y chromosome to move to the X chromosome. When such an X chromosome contributes to the child, the development will lead to a male because of the SRY gene.

Multiple choice

The Y chromosome is the sex-determining chromosome in many species. The following chromosomal states are associated with changes in the Y chromosome. Which of the following genetic disorders occurs due to the swapping of genetic material between chromosomes?

  1. 47, XXY syndrome

  2. Y chromosome infertility

  3. 47, XYY syndrome

  4. 48, XXYY syndrome

  5. 46, XX syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This state results from an abnormal swap over of genetic material between chromosomes. This swap over occurs as a chance event in the father of an affected person during the formation of sperm cells. The translocation affects the gene in charge that is SRY for development of a foetus into a male.

Multiple choice

Centromere proteins is a group of proteins which either forms or mediates the function of centromeres. The centromere protein predominately essential for keeping proper kinetochore size is

  1. Centromere protein F

  2. Centromere-associated protein E

  3. Centromere protein I

  4. Centromere protein B

  5. Centromere protein C 1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Centromere protein C 1 is a centromere autoantigen and a component of the inner kinetochore plate. The protein is required for maintaining proper kinetochore size and a timely transition to anaphase. A putative pseudogene exists on chromosome 12.

Multiple choice

There are numerous techniques in cytogenetics to investigate the different features of chromosomes within a cell. Which of the following is a frequently used fluorescent pattern acquired employing quinacrine for staining the chromosomes?

  1. T-banding

  2. Q-banding

  3. G-banding

  4. R-banding

  5. C-banding
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Q-banding is a fluorescent pattern obtained using quinacrine for staining. The pattern of bands is very similar to that seen in G-banding. They can be recognised by a yellow fluorescence of differing intensity. Most part of the stained DNA is heterochromatin. Quinacrin (atebrin) binds both regions rich in AT and in GC, but only the AT-quinacrin-complex fluoresces.

Multiple choice

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The histone protein significant in identifying the complete structure of chromatin is

  1. Histone H4

  2. Histone H3

  3. Histone H2B

  4. Histone H2A

  5. Histone H1
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

H2A is important for packaging DNA into chromatin. Since H2A packages DNA molecules into chromatin, the packaging process will effect the gene expression. H2A has been correlated with DNA modification and epigenetics. H2A plays a major role in determining the overall structure of chromatin.

Multiple choice

Septum formation in transverse binary fission occurs at the middle of the cell. However, there are some exceptions to it which often form septum near the pole. Which of the following bacteria is an exception to the general septum formation?

  1. Wild type E. coli

  2. Mutant E. coli

  3. Recombinant of E. coli and Bacillus subtilis

  4. Starved E. coli
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Some mutant E. coli often form the septum near the pole. This results in a very small daughter cell lacking DNA.