Chemistry · General Awareness

Carbon and Fossil Fuels

1,756 Questions

Review fundamental concepts regarding carbon compounds, coal distillation, and fossil fuel formation. This segment covers the chemical properties and industrial applications of natural gas and crude oil. Practicing these questions will strengthen your chemistry foundation for general science sections.

Coal distillationPetroleum formationProperties of crude oilNatural gas applications

Carbon and Fossil Fuels Questions

Multiple choice chemistry rocks and minerals petroleum properties of alkanes petroleum and natural gas

The main constituent of LPG is:

  1. methane

  2. butane

  3. propane

  4. both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

LPG constitutes both propane and butane in equal percentages.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas or LPG (also called Autogas) consists mainly of propane, propylene, butane, and butylene in various mixtures. It is produced as a by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining. The components of LPG are gases at normal temperatures and pressures.

Multiple choice chemistry fossil fuels petroleum properties of alkanes rocks and minerals

LPG used as domestic fuel is mixed with a strong smelling volatile liquid for __________.

  1. better combustion

  2. good smell/fragrance

  3. detection of gas leakage

  4. higher calorific value
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If the gas leaks in air, it can be easily detected due to smell and preventive measures can be taken. Hence, LPG is mixed with a strong smelling volatile liquid.

Multiple choice business organisation and correspondence environmental pollution and industries air pollution and its effects the environment and us environment and conservation

When combustion of coal takes place in insufficient air (oxygen) which gas is formed . Instead of carbon dioxide

  1. Sulphur dioxide

  2. Nitrous oxide

  3. Carbon monoxide

  4. Nitrogen peroxide
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Fuels burn when they react with oxygen in the air. If there is plenty of air, complete combustion happens.  Coal is mostly carbon. During complete combustion, carbon is oxidized to carbon dioxide:
carbon + oxygen -- carbon dioxide
If there is insufficient air for complete combustion, incomplete combustion (also called partial combustion)  happens. Hydrogen is still oxidized to water, but carbon monoxide forms instead of carbon dioxide.

So, the correct answer is 'Carbon monoxide'.

Multiple choice evs - i rules are for everyone sustainability of natural resources adaptations - mangrove swamps, fast flowing rivers and treetops halophiles unequal distribution of resources protecting our environment meaning and type of resources

Source of energy which does not evolve CO$ _{2}$ is

  1. Coal

  2. Oil

  3. Organic compounds

  4. Nuclear energy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Coal and oil are fossil fuels been derived from dead bodies of plants and animals, which existed in past. Hence, they are carbon compounds and emit carbon dioxide on combustion. Organic compounds are obviously compounds of carbon and will evolve carbon dioxide on combustion. Nuclear energy is non conventional, non renewable resource. Nuclear fission (now fusion also) of selected radioactive materials yields large amount of heat energy. For example one amu of Uranium - 235 yields energy equal to burning of 15 metric tonnes of coal. The energy released in nuclear fission and fusion is not due to combustion process and hence, does not evolves carbon dioxide.

Multiple choice evs - i rules are for everyone sustainability of natural resources adaptations - mangrove swamps, fast flowing rivers and treetops halophiles

Which of the following is not true about biogas?

  1. It contains methane

  2. Burns without smoke

  3. Leaves ash behind

  4. Produced by anaerobic decomposition of animal and plant waste
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biogas is produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage or food waste. It is a clean and renewable gas. It burns without any smoke.

Multiple choice evs - i rules are for everyone sustainability of natural resources adaptations - mangrove swamps, fast flowing rivers and treetops halophiles

Choose the incorrect statement among the following.

  1. Natural gas is used as a starting material for the manufacture of a number of chemicals and fertilizers.

  2. Over millions of years, the presence of air, high temperature, and low pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum.

  3. Naphthalene balls used to repel moths and other insects the from coal tar.

  4. Minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc. are exhaustible natural resources.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Petroleum is a fossil fuel that was formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.
Millions of years ago, algae and plants lived in shallow seas. After dying and sinking to the seafloor, the organic material mixed with other sediments and was buried. Over millions of years under high pressure and high temperature, the remains of these organisms transformed into what we know today as fossil fuels. Coal, natural gas, and petroleum are all fossil fuels that formed under similar conditions.
Today, petroleum is found in vast underground reservoirs where ancient seas were located.

Multiple choice chemistry air and water pollution control environmental impact: global warming green house effect geobiochemical cycle

 Commercial sources of alkanes include:

  1. coal

  2. natural gas

  3. petroleum

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The most important commercial sources for alkanes are natural gas and oil. Natural gas contains primarily methane and ethane, with some propane and butane: oil is a mixture of liquid alkanes and other hydrocarbons.

Multiple choice biology air and water pollution control environmental impact: global warming green house effect geobiochemical cycle

Which of the following statements is not true?

  1. $CO _2$ is the best fire extinguisher

  2. Global warming can cause acid rain

  3. Burning of coal and diesel releases sulphur dioxide gas

  4. LPG has higher calorific value than biogas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Global warming may cause glaciers to melt, which may lead to the rise in sea level and submerge low-lying areas but does not cause acid rain.

Multiple choice chemistry air and water pollution control environmental impact: global warming green house effect geobiochemical cycle

Full synthetic oils are derived from crude oil or byproducts through a chemical process rather than the __________ process used for conventional oil.

  1. distilliation

  2. fractional distillation

  3. vacum distillation

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic oil is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that are artificially made. Synthetic lubricants can be manufactured using chemically modified petroleum components rather than whole crude oil, but can also be synthesized from other raw materials. Full synthetic oils are derived from crude oil or byproducts through a chemical process rather than the distillation process used for conventional oil. The resulting synthetic oil has a more consistent molecular size and therefore tends to have somewhat more uniform properties.

Multiple choice chemistry air and water pollution control environmental impact: global warming green house effect geobiochemical cycle

The principal source of volatile organics (Hydrocarbons) is:

  1. transportation

  2. industrial processes

  3. stationary fuel combustion

  4. volcanoes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Ground-level ozone is formed when volatile organic compounds (VOCs), also known as hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides ($N{ O } _{ x }$) interact in the presence of sunlight. Sources of VOC and $N{ O } _{ x }$ emissions include:

large industry such as chemical manufacturers, and combustion sources such as power plants burning fossil fuels.

small industry such as gasoline-dispensing facilities, auto body paint shops, and print shops